全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Arylidene Derivatives as Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1100367, PP. 1-47

Subject Areas: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry

Keywords: Arylidenes, Synthesis, Reactions, Heterocycles

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

This review describes the synthetic procedures for the preparation of arylideneacetophenones, arylidenecycloalkanones, 2-arylidene-1-indanones, 2-arylidene-1-tetralones, 2-arylidene-1-ben-zosuberones, aurones, 1-thioaurones, 3-arylidene-4-chromanones, 3-arylidene-1-thio-4-chromanones, 3-arylideneflavanones, 3-arylidene-1-thioflavanones, arylideneanilines, arylidenemalono-nitriles, diethyl arylidenemalonates, ethyl arylidenecyanoacetates, arylidenecyanoacetamides, 5-arylidene derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids, arylidene derivatives of Meldrum’s acid and arylidene derivatives of dimedone. Also, it demonstrates the reactivity of these arylidene derivatives in heterocyclic synthesis with emphasis on the most recent findings. Some of these are the α,β-enones, víz. aurones and 3-arylidene-4-chromanones belong to the natural products. The others are synthetic substances which are convenient and important intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of useful and novel heterocyclic systems.

Cite this paper

El-Gohary, N. S. (2014). Arylidene Derivatives as Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Open Access Library Journal, 1, e367. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100367.

References

[1]  Choudary, B.M., Lakshmi Kantam, M., Kavita, B., Venkat Reddy, Ch. and Figueras, F. (2000) Catalytic C-C Bond Formation Promoted by Mg-Al-O-t-Bu Hydrolacite. Tetrahedron, 56, 9357-9364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00906-6
[2]  Prajapati, D., Lekhok, K.C., Sandhu, J.S. and Ghosh, A.C. (1996) Magnesium Perchlorate as Efficient Lewis Acid for the Knoevenagel Condensation between β-Diketones and Aldehydes. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 959-960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19960000959
[3]  Khan, R.H., Mathur, R.K. and Ghosh, A.C. (1996) Tellurium (IV) Tetrachloride Catalyzed Facile Knoevenagel Reaction. Synthetic Communications, 26, 683-686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919608086741
[4]  Tanaka, K. (2003) Solvent-Free Organic Synthesis. Chapter 3.2, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 93-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601821
[5]  Tanaka, K. and Toda, F. (2000) Solvent-Free Organic Synthesis. Chemical Reviews, 100, 1025-1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr940089p
[6]  Obrador, E., Castro, M., Tamariz, J., Zepeda, G., Miranda, R. and Delgado, F. (1998) Knoevenagel Condensation in Heterogeneous Phase Catalyzed by IR Radiation and Tonsil Actisil FF. Synthetic Communications, 28, 4649-4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919808004530
[7]  Balalaie, S. and Nemati, N. (2001) One-Pot Preparation of Coumarins by Knoevenagel Condensation in Solvent-Free Condition under Microwave Irradiation. Heterocyclic Communications, 7, 67-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HC.2001.7.1.67
[8]  Loupy, A., Song, S., Sohn, S., Lee, Y. and Known, T. (2001) Solvent-Free Bentonite-Catalyzed Condensation of Malonic Acid and Aromatic Aldehydes under Microwave Irradiation. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 1220-1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b009803p
[9]  Maggi, R., Bigi, F., Carloni, S. and Mazzoc, A. (2001) Uncatalysed Reactions in Water: Part 2. Preparation of 3- Carboxycoumarins. Green Chemistry, 3, 173-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b101822c
[10]  Bigi, F., Conforti, M.L., Maggi, R., Piccinno, A. and Sartori, G. (2000) Clean Synthesis in Water: Uncatalysed Preparation of Ylidenemalononitriles. Green Chemistry, 2, 101-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b001246g
[11]  Bigi, F., Carloni, S., Ferrari, L., Maggi, R., Mazzacani, A. and Sartori, G. (2001) Clean Synthesis in Water. Part 2: Uncatalysed Reactions of Meldrum’s Acid and Aldehydes. Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 5203-5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)00978-9
[12]  Rupe, H. and Wasserzug, D.J. (1901) Chemische Berichte, 34, 3527-3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19010340342
[13]  Hermes, S.A. (1969) Chemische Berichte, 70, Article ID: 96422h.
[14]  Breslow, D.S. and Houser, C.R. (1940) Chemische Berichte, 62, 2385.
[15]  Kazauki, K., Hitayama, K., Yokomor, S. and Soki, T. (1976) Chemical Abstracts, 85, 591.
[16]  Obara, H., Onodera, J. and Kurihara, Y. (1971) The Synthesis of 2’,3’,4,4’,6’-Pentahydroxychalcone. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 44, 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.44.289
[17]  Gaissman, T.A. and Clinton, R.O. (1946) Flavanones and Related Compounds. I. The Preparation of Polyhydroxychalcones and Flavanones. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 68, 697-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01208a051
[18]  Martin, G.J., Beler, J.M. and Avakian, S. (1956) Therapeutic Substituted Chalcones. US Patent No. 2769817.
[19]  El.Hashah, M.A., El-Kady, M., Saiyed, M.A. and Elaswy, A.A. (1985) Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 27, 715.
[20]  Crawley, L.S. and Fanshawe, W.J. (1977) Neighboring Group Participation in Cyclodehydration. A Regiospecific Isoxazole Synthesis. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 14, 531-534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570140339
[21]  Patil, C.B., Mahajan, S.K. and Katti, S.A. (2009) Chalcone: A Versatile Molecule. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1, 11-22.
[22]  Taylor, E.C. and Morrison, R.W. (1967) An Unusual Molecular Rearrangement of an N-Aminopyrimidine. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 32, 2379-2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01283a004
[23]  Utale, P.S., Raghuvanshi, P.B. and Doshi, A.G. (1998) Synthesis of Some New 1-Carbamoyl-3-(substituted 2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazolines. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 10, 597-599.
[24]  Doan, T.N. and Tran, D.T. (2011) Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Series of Chalcones, Pyrazolic Chalcones, and Allylic Chalcones. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2, 282-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pp.2011.24036
[25]  Jyoth, M.V., Prasad, Y.R., Venkatesh, P. and Sureshreddy, M. (2012) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Chalcones of 3-Acetyl Pyridine and Their Pyrimidine Derivatives. Chemical Science Transactions, 1, 716-722. http://dx.doi.org/10.7598/cst2012.223
[26]  Lyle, R.E. and Paradis, L.P. (1955) Acid-Catalyzed Condensations. II.1 The Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Substituted Acetophenones. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77, 6667-6668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a094
[27]  Marathey, M.G. (1952) Journal of the University of Poona, 1.
[28]  Younis, F.M. (2011) Preparation of Number of Chalcone Compounds from 6-Formyl-5-methoxy-1,3-benzoxathiol. College of Basic Education Researchers Journal, 11, 711-721.
[29]  Raval, A.A. and Shah, N.M. (1962) Journal of Scientific Research (India), 21, 234.
[30]  Szell and Sipos (1961) Neue Nitro-chalkone, V. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 641, 113-115.
[31]  Reichel, L. (1944) Nalanxlissenchaften, 33, 215.
[32]  Jadhav, G.V. and Kulkami, V.G. (1951) Borax as a new Condensing Agent for the Synthesis of Chalcones. Current Science (India), 20, 42-43.
[33]  Vlasov, V.M. (1971) Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskikh Nauk, 2, 96.
[34]  Cheng, P.L., Fournari, P. and Triouflet, J. (1963) Reserches en série hétérocyclique. VII. Syntèse de chromannones et o-hydroxychalcones substituées sur le differents cycles. Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 10, 2248-2251.
[35]  Breslow, D.S. and Hauser, C.R. (1940) Condensations. XI. Condensations of Certain Active Hydrogen Compounds Effected by Boron Trifluoride and Aluminum Chloride. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 62, 2385-2388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01866a035
[36]  Fujise, S. and Tatsuta, H. (1942) Journal of the Chemical Society of Japan, 63, 932.
[37]  Guthrit J.L. and Rabjohn, N. (1957) Some Reactions Effected by Means of Bromomagnesium t-Alkoxides. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 22, 176-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01353a022
[38]  Jayapal, M.R., Sreenivasa Prasad, K. and Sreedhar, N.Y. (2010) Synthesis and Characterization of 2,4-Dihydroxy Substituted Chalcones Using Aldol Condensation by SOCl2/EtOH. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2, 127-132.
[39]  Ameta, K.L., Rathore, N.S. and Kumar, B. (2011) Synthesis of Some Novel Chalcones and Their Facile One-Pot Conversion to 2-Aminobenzene-1,3-dicarbonitriles Using Malononitrile. Analele Universit??ii din Bucuresti-Chimie (serie nou?), 20, 15-24.
[40]  Tiwari, V., Singh, J.P., Sharma, P., Dangi, L. and Dulawat, S.S. (2011) Microwave Assisted Improved Synthesis of Chalcones under Microwave Irradiation and Their Antibacterial Activity. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 1, 22-27.
[41]  Funiss, B.S., Hannford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G. and Tatchell, A.R. (2004) Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th Edition, Longman, London, 1032-1035.
[42]  Mukherji, S.M., Singh, S.P. and Kapoor, R.P. (2003) Organic Chemistry. Vol II, International (P) Limited, 586-587.
[43]  Toche, R.B., Kazi, M.A., Jachak, M.N. and Desai, A.E. (2009) Synthesis and Molluscicidal Activities of Quinolone Substituted Pyrazoline and Isoxazoline Derivatives. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6, 637-641.
[44]  Agarwal, P.K., Sharma, S.K., Sawant, D. and Kundu, B. (2009) Application of the Pictet-Spengler Reaction to Aryl Amine-Based Substrates Having Pyrimidine as a p-Nucleophile: Synthesis of Pyrimidoquinolines with Structural Analogy to Benzonaphthyridines Present in Alkaloids. Tetrahedron, 65, 1153-1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.067
[45]  Kalirajan, R., Sivakumar, S.U., Jubie, S., Gowramma, B. and Suresh, B. (2009) Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Derivatives of Chalcones. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 1, 27-34.
[46]  Crawley, L.S. and Fanshawe, W.J. (1977) Neighboring Group Participation in Cyclodehydration. A Regiospecific Isoxazole Synthesis. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 14, 531-534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570140339
[47]  Azarifar, D. and Shaebanzadeh, M. (2002) Synthesis and Characterization of New 3,5-Dinaphthyl Substituted 2-Pyrazolines and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules, 7, 885-895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/71200885
[48]  Samshuddin, S., Narayana, B., Sarojini, B.K., Khan, M.T.H., Yathirajan, H.S., Raj, C.G.D. and Raghavendra, R. (2012) Antimicrobial, Analgesic, DPPH Scavenging Activities and Molecular Docking Study of Some 1,3,5-Triaryl- 2-pyrazolines. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 21, 2012-2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9735-9
[49]  Samshuddina, S., Narayana, B., Sarojini, B.K., Yathirajan, H.S. and Raghavendra, R. (2012) Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Functionalized Derivatives of Versatile Synthon 4,4’-Difluoro Chalcone. Der Pharma Chemica, 4, 1445-1457.
[50]  Loh, W.-S., Quah, C.K., Chia, T.S., Fun, H.-K., Sapnakumari, M., Narayana, B. and Sarojini, B.K. (2013) Synthesis and Crystal Structures of N-Substituted Pyrazolines. Molecules, 18, 2386-2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules18022386
[51]  Sammour, A., Akhnookh, Y. and Jahine, H. (1970) Studies on Chalcones. Condensation with Ethyl Cyanoacetate and Malononitrilie in Presence of Ammonium Acetate. United Arab Republic Journal of Chemistry, 13, 421-437.
[52]  Goda, F.E., Abdel-Aziz, A.A.-M. and Attef, O.A. (2004) Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Conformational Analysis of Novel Substituted Pyridines: BF3-Promoted Reaction of Hydrazine with 2-Alkoxy Pyridines. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 1845-1852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.040
[53]  Ahmed, M.G., Ahmed, S.A., Roman, U.K.R., Touchy, A.S., Badal, M.R., Hossain, M.A. and Uddin, M.K. (2005) Synthesis of Substituted and Unsubstituted 2,4-Diaryl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-chromens. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44B, 622-624.
[54]  Jin, H., Zhao, H., Zhao, F., Li, Sh., Liu, W., Zhou, G., Tao, K. and Hou, T. (2009) Efficient Epoxidation of Chalcones with Urea-Hydrogen Peroxide under Ultrasound Irradiation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 16, 304-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.10.013
[55]  Sharshira, E.M. and Hamada, N.M.M. (2011) Synthesis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pyrazolyl-1-Carboxamide Derivatives. Molecules, 16, 7736-7745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16097736
[56]  Chandrashekhar, C.H., Latha, K.P., Vagdevi, H.M. and Vaidya, V.P. (2011) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Chalcones of Naphtho[2,1-b]furan Condensed with Barbituric Acid. Der Pharma Chemica, 3, 329-333.
[57]  Sangani, H.G., Bhimani, K.B., Khunt, R.C. and Parikh, A.R. (2006) Synthesis and Characterization of Barbitones as Antimicrobial Agents. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 71, 587-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JSC0606587S
[58]  Al-Issa, S.A. (2007) Synthesis of 3,5-Diaryl Azoline and [1,4]Diazepine Derivatives via Microwave Irradiation. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 19, 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/Sci.19-1.6
[59]  Ameta, K.L., Rathore, N.S. and Kumar, B. (2012) Synthesis and in Vitro Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Some Novel 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivatives. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 77, 725-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JSC110715219A
[60]  Yadav, J.S. and Srivastava, Y.K. (2010) An Efficient Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel 1,4-Dizepine Derivatives as Possible Antimicrobial Agents. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 3, 726-730.
[61]  Joung, M.E. (1976) A Review of Annulation. Tetrahedron, 32, 3-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(76)80016-6
[62]  Hathaway, B.A. (1987) An Aldol Condensation Experiment Using a Number of Aldehydes and Ketones. Journal of Chemical Education, 64, 367-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed064p367
[63]  Rajanarendar, E., Kalyan Rao, E. and Raju, S. (2009) Microwave Assisted Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of New 3- Ethoxy-4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2,1-benzisoxazoles. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 48B, 749-753.
[64]  Nakano, T., Irifune, S., Umano, S., Inada, A., Ishii, Y. and Ogawa, M. (1987) Cross-Condensation Reactions of Cy- cloalkanones with Aldehydes and Primary Alcohols under the Influence of Zirconocene Complexes. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 52, 2239-2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00387a025
[65]  Li, J.T., Yang, W.Z., Chen, G.F. and Li, T.S. (2003) A Facile Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones Catalyzed by KF/Al2O3 under ultrasound Irradiation. Synthetic Communications, 33, 2619-2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120021982
[66]  Yadav, J.S., Reddy, B.V.S., Nagaraju, A. and Sarma, J.A.R.P. (2002) Microwave Assisted Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(ben- zylidene)ketones in Dry Media. Synthetic Communications, 32, 893-896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120002700
[67]  Zhang, X.Y., Fan, X.S., Niu, H.Y. and Wang, J.J. (2003) An Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable Medium for the Green Prep- aration of α,α'-Bis (substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones Catalyzed by FeCl3?6H2O. Green Chemistry, 5, 267-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b212155g
[68]  Wang, L., Sheng, J., Tian, H., Han, J., Fan, Z. and Qian, C. (2004) A Convenient Synthesis of α,α’-Bis(substituted ben- zylidene)cycloalkanones Catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3 under Solvent-Free Conditions. Synthesis, 2004, 3060-3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-834900
[69]  Bigdeli, M.A., Mahdavinia, G.H., Jafari, S. and Hazarkhani, H. (2007) Wet 2,4,6-Trichloro[1,3,5]triazine (TCT) an Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones under Solvent-Free Conditions. Catalysis Communications, 8, 2229-2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.010
[70]  Singh, N., Pandey, J., Yadav, A., Chaturvedi, V., Bhatnagar, Sh., Gaikwad, A.N., Sinha, S.K., Kumar, A., Shukla, P.K. and Tripathi, R.P. (2009) A Facile Synthesis of α,α'-(EE)-bis(benzylidene)-cycloalkanones and Their Antitubercular Evaluations. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 1705-1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.09.026
[71]  Mahdavinia, G.H. and Mirzazadeh, M. (2012) Facile and Convenient Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(substituted-arylidene)cy- cloalkanones: An Improved Protocol. E-Journal of Chemistry, 9, 49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/390528
[72]  Rahman, A.F.M.M., Ali, R., Jahng, Y. and Kadi, A.A. (2012) A Facile Solvent Free Claisen-Schmidt Reaction: Syn- thesis of α,α'-Bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and α,α'-Bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. Molecules, 17, 571-583.
[73]  Teimouri, F., Hadi Khezri, S., Miri, Z., Eftekhari-Sis, B. and Azizian, J. (2009) Ammonium Chloride Catalyzed Aldol Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(substituted benzylidene) Cycloalkanones. Journal of Sciences (Islamic Azad University) (JSIAU), 19, 103-108.
[74]  Mahdavinia, Gh.H. and Peikarporsan, S. (2011) Crossed Aldol Condensation Reaction Catalyzed by NBS as an Efficient and Almost Neutral Catalyst: Preparation of α,?-Bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones. Trends in Modern Chemistry TMC, 1, 5-10.
[75]  Kumar, S., Kumar, P. and Makrandi, J.K. (2012) A Simple, Improved and Solvent Free Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(aryli- dene)cycloalkanones. Der Chemica Sinica, 3, 269-273.
[76]  Singh, N., Pandey, J., Yadav, A., Chaturvedi, V., Bhatnagar, Sh., Gaikwad, A.N., Sinha, S.K., Kumar, A., Shukla, P.K. and Tripathi1, R.P. (2009) A Facile Synthesis of α,α'-(EE)-bis(benzylidene)-cycloalkanones and Their Antitubercular Evaluations. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 1705-1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.09.026
[77]  Zou, Q., Zhao, Y., Makarov, N.S., Campo, J., Yuan, H., Fang, D.-C., Perry, J.W. and Wu, F. (2012) Effect of Alicyclic Ring Size on the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Bis(arylidene)cycloalkanone Compounds. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14, 11743-11752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp41952a
[78]  Colonge, J. and Sibeud, J. (1952) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 786-789.
[79]  Emerson, W.S., Birum, G.H. and Longley Jr., R.I. (1953) Bicyclic Dihydropyrans by the Diels-Alder Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 75, 1312-1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01102a013
[80]  Jaitak, V., Kaul, V.K. and Das, P. (2013) Environmentally Benign Michael and Claisen Schmidt Reaction of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds by Alkaline Polyionic Resin. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 52B, 1137-1145.
[81]  Huitric, A.C. and Kumler, W.D. (1956) The Dipole Moments, Spectra and Structure of Some New 2-Phenyl-, 2-Benzyl-, 2-(p-Halobenzylidene)-and 2,6-Bis-(p-halobenzylidene)-cyclohexanones. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 78, 614-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a026
[82]  Fringuelli, F., Pani, G., Piermatti, O. and Pizzo, F. (1994) Condensation Reactions in Water of Active Methylene Compounds with Arylaldehydes. One-Pot Synthesis of Flavonols. Tetrahedron, 50, 11499-11508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89287-5
[83]  Kang, L.-Q., Song, G.-H., Wang, J.-Y. and Wei, B.-G. (2008) Synthesis of α,α'-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalka-nones catalyzed by Amino-Functionalized Ionic Liquid. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 55, 1125-1128.
[84]  Sheikhhosseini, E., Ahmadi, S.A. and Sadeghi, S. (2014) P-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid (DBSA), a Br?nsted Acid- Surfactant Catalyst for Synthesis of α,?-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones with Electron-Withdrawing Subs- tituent in Aqueous Media. Journal of Applied Chemical Research, 8, 25-30.
[85]  Wang, X.X. and Zhang, Y.M. (2004) Formation of α,α'-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones from Masked Aldehydes Promoted by Samarium (III) Triiodide. Chinese Chemical Letters, 15, 511-514.
[86]  Singh, N., Pandey, J. and Tripathi, R.P. (2008) d-Glucosamine, a Natural Aminosugar as Organocatalyst for an Eco-friendly Direct Aldol Reaction of Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes in Water. Catalysis Communications, 9, 743-746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.08.014
[87]  Fehnel, E.A. and Carmack, M. (1948) Studies in the Thiapyran Series. The Preparation, Properties and Reactions of 1,4-Thiapyrone-1-Dioxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 70, 1813-1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a048
[88]  Chardwell, H.M.E. (1949) Experiments on the synthesis of Substances Related to Sterols. Part XLVII. The Synthetic Use of thia Cyclohexan-4-One Methiodide. Journal of the Chemical Society, 715-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jr9490000715
[89]  Cornubert, R., Delmas, R., Monteil, S. and Viriot, J. (1950) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 36.
[90]  Leonard, N.J. and Choudhury, D. (1957) γ-Pyrones by Isomerization. Substituted 3,5-Dibenzyl-4H-pyran-4-ones. Jour- nal of the American Chemical Society, 79, 156-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a042
[91]  Puar, M.S., Rovnyak, G.C., Cohen, A.I., Toeplitz, B. and Gougoutas, J.Z. (1979) Orientation of the Sulfoxide Bond as a Stereochemical Probe. Synthesis and Proton and Carbon-13 NMR of Substituted Thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, 2513-2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01328a040
[92]  Rovnyak, G.C. and Shu, V. (1979) Preparation of Thiopyrano- and Pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles. Structure Elucidation of Dehydro Coproducts. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, 2518-2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01328a041
[93]  Turk, C.F. (1975) Pyrazoline Derivatives, Their N-Oxides, and Salts. Ger Offen Patent No. 2520171.
[94]  Krapcho, J. and Schawartz, J. (1976) CNS Active Compounds. US Patent No. 3969527.
[95]  Krapcho, J., and Turk, F. (1975) 2-Amino-4,5-Dihydro-4-Arylidenopyrimidines. US Patent No. 3925384.
[96]  Sohár, P., Perjési, P., T?rnroos, K.W., Husebye, S., Vértes, A., Vankó, G. and Bozak, R. (2000) Study on Ferrocenes, Part 7. E-2-Ferrocenemethylene-1-benzocyclanones. Synthesis, Stereostructure, NMR, IR, X-Ray, and M?ssbauer Spectroscopic Investigation. Journal of Molecular Structure, 524, 297-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(00)00380-X
[97]  Gupta, R., Gupta, A.K., Paul, S. and Kachroo, P.L. (1995) Improved Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Chalcones and Related Enones. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 34B, 61-62.
[98]  Mandal, S.K. and Sarkar, A. (2002) endo-Selective Allylation at the Benzylic Centre of a Cr(CO)3 Complexed Aromatic Ring. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 669-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b109291j
[99]  Asiri, A.M. and Rasul, M.G. (2009) Synthesis of (2E)-2-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidene)indan-1-one. Molbank, 2009, M588.
[100]  Witschard, G. and Griffin, C.E. (1964) The Wittig Reaction with Five- and Six-Membered Cyclic Ketones and Their Benzylidene Derivatives. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 29, 2335-2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a057
[101]  Lankin, D.C. and Zimmer, H. (1973) Synthesis of Condensed Heterocyclic Systems V: 1H-indeno[1,2-b]quinolines from Photochemical and Acid-Calalyzed Rearrangements of Trans-2-(2-aminobenzylidene)-indanones. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 10, 1035-1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570100630
[102]  Kumbharek, R. and Sridhar, M. (2012) Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Promoted Dakin-West Reaction: An Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of ?2-Acetamido Ketones. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 124, 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12039-011-0183-3
[103]  Murray, R.J. and Cromwell, N.H. (1976) Mobile Keto Allyl Systems. 18. Synthesis and Charge-Transfer Interactions of 2-(Alpha-aminobenzyl)-1-Indenones. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 41, 3540-3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a011
[104]  Wagner, H., Horn, B., Eppner, H. and Kühmstedt, H. (1979) Pharmazie, 34, 56.
[105]  Berthelote, C., McCooye, C., Leblanc, Y. and Trimble, L.A. (1997) Studies on the Dimerization of 2-Benzylidene-1- Indanone. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 62, 4339-4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo970402y
[106]  Singh, G. and Ray, J.N. (1930) Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 7, 637.
[107]  Basavaiah, D. and Reddy, R.M. (2001) One-Pot Inter- and Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reactions in Baylis-Hillman Chemistry: A Novel Facile Synthesis of (E)-2-arylideneindan-1-ones. Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 3025-3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)00354-9
[108]  Coombs, R.W. and Houlihan, W.J. (1974) Process for Preparing Substituted Indeno, Naphtho and Cycloheptapyra- zoles. US Patent No. 3843665.
[109]  Boudriga, S., Wannassi, N., Askri, M., El Baker Rammah, M. and Strohman, C.J. (2009) Journal de la Socie?te? Chimi- que de Tunisie, 11, 29-36.
[110]  Thadhaney, B., Sain, D. and Joshi, A. and Talesara, G.L. (2009) Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Ethox- yphthalimide Derivatives of Benzo (g) Indazoles. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7, 1185-1194.
[111]  Sohár, P., Perjési, P., T?rnroos, K.W., Husebye, S., Vértes, A., Vankó, G. and Bozak, R. (2000) Study on Ferrocenes, Part 7. E-2-Ferrocenemethylene-1-benzocyclanones. Synthesis, Stereostructure, NMR, IR X-Ray, and Mossbauer Spec- troscopic Investigation. Journal of Molecular Structure, 524, 297-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(00)00380-X
[112]  Gupta, R., Gupta, A.K., Paul, S. and Kachroo, P.L. (1995) Indian Journal of Chemistry, 34B, 61-62.
[113]  Orlov, V.D., Borovoi, I.A. and Lavrushin, V.F. (1976) Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, 17, 691.
[114]  Schwender, C.F. and Shavel Jr., J. (1974) 1-Oxo-Substituted-Tetrahydronaphthalenes (Substituted-Tetralones). US Pa- tent No. 3833726.
[115]  Ansell, L.L., Webb, T.E., Burnham, J.W., Eisenbraun, E.J., Hamming, M.C. and Keen, G.W. (1976) Synthesis of 2-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalene, 2-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 7a,8,9,13b-Tetra- hydro-7H-dibenz[a, k L]Anthracene, and 5,6-Dihydro-4H-dibenz[a, k L]anthracene. Organic Preparations and Pro- cedures International, 8, 125-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304947609355605
[116]  Aizenshtat, Z., Hausmann, M., Pickholtz, Y., Tal, D. and Blum, J. (1977) Chlorocarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)iri- dium-Catalyzed Isomerization, Isoaromatization, and Disproportionation of Some Cycloalkanones Having Exocyclic Double Bonds. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 42, 2386-2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a010
[117]  Kerbal, A., Tshiamala, K., Cerutti, E., Laude, B. and Vebrel, J. (1990) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 127, 252.
[118]  D’Auria, M., D’Onofrio, F. and Vantaggi, A. (1990) Benzophenone Sensitized Rearrangement of Furylidenetetralones. Tetrahedron, 46, 7831-7840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90080-8
[119]  D’Auria, M., D’Annibale, A. and Ferri, T. (1992) Photochemical Behaviour of Furylidene Carbonyl Compounds. Te- trahedron, 48, 9323-9336.
[120]  Sur, S., Ganesh, S., Puranik, V.G. and Sarkar, A. (1998) Remote Stereocontrol as a Synthetic Strategy: Diastereoselec- tive Annulations on an Arene Tricarbonylchromium Template. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 977-982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a705285e
[121]  Arora, S., Yadav, S., Agrawal, N. and Nagori, Dr., B.P. (2013) International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1, 456.
[122]  Kamakshi, R., Swarna Latha, S. and Reddy, B.S.R. (2010) An Efficient Synthesis of Bio-Active Fluorescent Benzylidine Tetralones. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 49B, 944-947.
[123]  Bayer, H. and Hartmann, R.W. (1991) Pyridyl-Substituted Tetralone Derivatives: A New Class of Nonsteroidal Aro-matase Inhibitors. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim), 324, 815-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.2503241008
[124]  Bayer, H. and Hartmann, R.W. (1991) New Inhibitors of Aromatase: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyridyl- Substituted Phenanthrenone Derivatives. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim), 324, 833-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.2503241102
[125]  Bayer, H., Baltz, C., Hartmann, R.W. and Mannschreck, A. (1991) New Aromatase Inhibitors. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyridyl-Substituted Tetralone Derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 34, 2685-2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00113a004
[126]  W?chter, G.A., Harmtmann, R.W., Sergejew, T., Grün, G.L. and Ledergerber, D. (1996) Tetrahydronaphthalenes:? In- fluence of Heterocyclic Substituents on Inhibition of Steroidogenic Enzymes P450 Arom and P450 17. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 39, 834-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm950377t
[127]  Azzolina, O., Desimoni, G., Di Toro, V., Ghislandi, V. and Tacconi, G. (1975) Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 105, 971.
[128]  Wagner, H., Horn, B., Eppner, H. and Kühmstedt, H. (1979) Pharmazie, 34, 56.
[129]  Kaur, R., Bansal, M. and Kaur, B. (2011) Synthesis of Some New Quinazoline Derivatives and Theoretical Studies of Their Geometries. Chemical Sciences Journal, 2011, 1-9.
[130]  Muthusamy, S., Babu, S.A. and Gunanathan, C. (2000) Novel chemoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of rhodium generated carbonyl ylides with arylidenetetralones. Tetrahedron Letters, 41, 8839-8842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01560-4
[131]  Quiroga, J., Portilla, J., Serrano, H., Abonia, R., Insuasty, B., Nogueras, M. and Cobo, J. (2007) Regioselective Syn- thesis of Fused Benzopyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines under Solvent-Free Conditions. Tetrahedron Letters, 48, 1987-1990.
[132]  Jayashankaran, J., Manian, R.D.R.S. and Raghunathan, R. (2005) ARKIVOC, xi, 32.
[133]  Xu, W.-Z., Huang, Z.-T. and Zheng, Q.-Y. (2008) Synthesis of Benzo[c]xanthones from 2-Benzylidene-1-tetralones by the Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Tandem Reaction. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 73, 5606-5608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo8008929
[134]  El-Rayyes, N.R. and Bahtiti, N.H. (1989) Synthesis of New Substituted 2,3,3a,4,5,6-Hexahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazoles and related compounds. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 26, 209-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570260137
[135]  El-Rayyes, N.R. and Ramadan, H.M. (1987) Heterocycles. PartX. Synthesis of New Pyrimidine Systems. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 24, 589-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570240310
[136]  Wagner, G., Garbe, C., Vieweg, H., Brunn, M. and Dittrich, A. (1979) Pharmazie, 34, 55.
[137]  Cummins, B., Donnelly, D.M.X., Eades, J.F., Fletcher, H., O’Cinneide, F., Philbin, E.M., Swirski, J., Wheeler, T.S. and Wilson, R.K. (1963) Oxidation of Chalcones (AFO reaction). Tetrahedron, 19, 499-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)98539-4
[138]  Dean, F.M. and Podimuang, V. (1965) The Course of the Algar-Flynn Oyamada (A.F.O.). Journal of the Chemical Society, 3978-3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jr9650003978
[139]  Fougerousse, A., Gonzalez, E. and Brouillard, R. (2000) A Convenient Method for Synthesizing 2-Aryl-3-hydroxy-4- oxo-4H-1-benzopyrans or flavonols. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 65, 583-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo990735q
[140]  Donnelly, J.A. and Higginbotham, C.L. (1990) Flavone Formation in the Wheelerb Aurone Synthesis. Tetrahedron, 46, 7219-7226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87902-3
[141]  Donnelly, J.A., Emerson, G.M. (1990) Amine-Effected Cyclization of Chalcone Dihalides to Aurones. Tetrahedron, 46, 7227-7236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87903-5
[142]  von Auwerws, K. and Müller, K. (1908) Umwandlung von Benzal-cumaranonen in Flavonole. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 41, 4233-4241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.190804103137
[143]  Brady, B.A., Geoghegan, M. and O’Sullivan, W.I. (1981) Flavonoid Epoxides. Part 16. Synthesis and Base-Catalysed Rearrangement of Aurone Epoxides. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 119-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19810000119
[144]  Haudecoeur, R., Belkacem, A.A., Yi, W., Fortuné, A., Brillet, R., Belle, C., Nicolle, E., Pallier, C., Pawlotsky, J.-M. and Boumendjel, A. (2011) Discovery of Naturally Occurring Aurones That Are Potent Allosteric Inhibitors of Hepa- titis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54, 5395-5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm200242p
[145]  Hadj-Esfandiari, N., Navidpour, L., Shadnia, H., Amini, M., Samadi, N., Faramarzi, M.A. and Sha?ee, A. (2007) Syn- thesis, Antibacterial Activity, and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of New (Z)-2-(nitroimidazolylmethy- lene)-3(2H2H)-benzofuranone Derivatives. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 17, 6354-6363.
[146]  von Auwers, K. and Poh, P. (1914) Ann., 405, 243.
[147]  Wagner, G. and Eppner, B. (1979) Pharmazie, 34, 527.
[148]  Farkas, L., Nógrádi, M. and Pallos, L. (1963) The Correct Structure and Synthesis of Rengasine. Tetrahedron Letters, 4, 1999-2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90957-8
[149]  Farkas, L., Nógrádi, M. and Pallos, L. (1964) Aurone und Auronglucoside, VI. Die endgültige Konstitutionsaufkl?rung und die Synthese des Rengasins. Chemische Berichte, 97, 1044-1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970415
[150]  Farkas, L., Pallos, L. and Nógrádi, M. (1965) Magyar Kémiai Folyóirat, 71, 270.
[151]  Jong, T.T. and Leu, S.J. (1990) Intramolecular Cyclisation Catalysed by Silver(I) Ion; a Convenient Synthesis of Au-rones. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 423-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19900000423
[152]  Agrawal, N.N. and Soni, P.A. (2006) A New Process for the Synthesis of Aurones by Using Mercury (II) Acetate in Pyridine and Cupric Bromide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 45B, 1301-1303.
[153]  Detsi, A., Majdalani, M., Christos, A., Dimitra, K., Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. and Kefalas, P. (2009) Natural and Synthe- tic 2’-Hydroxy-Chalcones and Aurones: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Soybean Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 17, 8073-8085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.002
[154]  Dawane, B.S., Konda, S.G., Khandare, N.T., Chobe, S.S., Shaikh, B.M., Bodade, R.G. and Joshi, V.D. (2010) Synthe- sis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-(2-Butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-5-yl-methylene)-substituted-benzofuran-3-ones. Chemical Communications, 3, 22-29.
[155]  Bhasker, N. and Reddy, M.K. (2011) Synthesis and Characterization of New Series of Prenyloxy Chalcones, Prenyloxy Aurones and Screening for Anti-Bacterial Activity. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Bio-medical Sciences, 2, 1266-1272.
[156]  Harkat, H., Blanc, A., Weibel, J.-M. and Pale, P. (2008) Versatile and Expeditious Synthesis of Aurones via Au-Catalyzed Cyclization. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 73, 1620-1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo702197b
[157]  Alcaide, B., Almendros, P. and Alonso, J.M. (2011) Gold-Catalyzed Cyclizations of Alkynol-Based Compounds: Synthesis of Natural Products and Derivatives. Molecules, 16, 7815-7843.
[158]  Kamila, S., Mukherjee, C., Pradhan, T.K. and De, A. (2006) Synthetic Studies in Sulfur Heterocycles. One-Pot Syn- thesis of “Thioaurones” and their Conversion into [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyrans via Tandem Reactions. ARKIVOC, II, 45-60.
[159]  Yamaguchi, T., Seki, T., Tamaki, T. and Ichimura, K. (1992) Preparation and Photochemical Properties in Organic Solvents. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 65, 649-656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.65.649
[160]  Seki, T., Tamaki, T., Yamaguchi, T. and Ichimura, K. (1992) Photochromism of Hemithioindigo Derivatives. II. Pho- tochromic Behaviors in Bilayer-Membranes and Related Systems. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 65, 657- 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.65.657
[161]  Cabiddu, M.G., Cabiddu, S., Cadoni, E., De Montis, S., Fattuoni, C., Melis, S. and Usai, M. (2002) One-Step Synthesis of Thioaurones. Synthesis, 2002, 875-878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-28523
[162]  Boughaleb, A., Al Houari, G., Bennani, B., Daoudi, M., Garrigues, B., Kerbal, A. and El Yazidi, M. (2010) N-phenyl- C-arylnitrilimines sur des derives de la 2-benzylidenebenzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one (Thioaurones). Société Chimique de Tunisie, 12, 109-115.
[163]  Pradhan, T.K., Dea, A. and Mortier, J. (2005) Application of Directed Metalation in Synthesis. Part 8: Interesting Example of Chemoselectivity in the Synthesis of Thioaurones and Hydroxy Ketones and a Novel Anionic Ortho-Fries Rearrangement Used as a Tool in the Synthesis of Thienopyranones and Thiafluorenones. Tetrahedron, 61, 9007-9017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.050
[164]  Wichers, M. and G?rlitzer, K. (2012) Strategies for the Synthesis of Tetracyclic Diltiazem Analogues. Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig.
[165]  Eisa, M.A. (2006) Synthesis of Some New Fused Heterocyclic Rings Derived from 3-Benzofuranone. Raf. Jour. Sci., 17, 76-85.
[166]  Rajan, Y.C. and Kanakam, C.C. (2008) Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Enantiopure Bis-Chromanones: A Baylis-Hillman Approach. Tetrahedron Letters, 49, 3023-3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.124
[167]  Foroumadi, A., Samzadeh-Kermani, A., Emami, S., Dehghan, G., Sorkhi, M., Arabsorkhi, F., Heidari, M.R., Abdollahi, M. and Shafiee, A. (2007) Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Substituted 3-Benzylidene-7-alkoxychroman-4-ones. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 17, 6764-6769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.034
[168]  Harborne, J.B. and Williams, C.A. (2000) Advances in Flavonoid Research since 1992. Phytochemistry, 55, 481-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00235-1
[169]  Gupta, A., Dwivedy, A., Keshri, G., Sharma, R., Balapure, A.K., Singh, M.M. and Ray, S. (2006) Rapid Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene and 4-[Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-methylene-2-subsituted phenyl-benzopyrans as Potential Selective Es- trogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) Using McMurry Coupling Reaction. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16, 6006-6012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.126
[170]  Buston, G.W., Doba, T., Gabe, E.J., Huges, L., Lee, F., Prasad, L. and Ingold, K.U. (1985) Autoxidation of Biological Molecules. 4. Maximizing the Antioxidant Activity of Phenols. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 107, 7053- 7065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00310a049
[171]  Ibrahim, M.A., Ali, T.E., Alnamer, Y.A. and Gabr, Y.A. (2010) Synthesis and Chemical Reactivity of 2-Methyl-chromones. ARKIVOC, i, 98-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0011.103
[172]  Ghosh, C.K. and Patra, A. (2008) Chemistry and Application of 4-Oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehyde. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 45, 1529-1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570450601
[173]  Sangwan, N.K. and Rastogi, S.N. (1981) Indian Journal of Chemistry, 20B, 135.
[174]  Evans, D. and Lockhart, I.M. (1966) Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes and Nitroso-Compounds with 4-Chromanones. Journal of the Chemical Society, 711-712.
[175]  Albrecht, R., Kessler, H.J. and Schr?der, E. (1971) Bull. Chim. Thér., 352.
[176]  Wright, G.C. (1976) The Condensation Products of 6-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-4-one and 6-Nitroveratral-dehyde. Part I. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 13, 1177-1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570130606
[177]  Chatterjea, J.N., Shaw, S.C., Lal, P.K. and Singh, R.P. (1979) Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 56, 1006-1007.
[178]  Naurikoshi, M., Nakata, H., Yamada, H., Nagai, M. and Saitoh, T. (1987) Homoisoflavonoids and Related Compounds. II. Isolation and Absolute Configurations of 3,4-Dihydroxylated Homoisoflavans and Brazilins from Caesalpinia sap- pan L.Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 35, 2761-2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.2761
[179]  Roberts, J.F., Alhassan, M., Xicluna, A., Ombetta, J.E., Mercier, M.F., Mercier, R. and Laude, B. (1993) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 130, 788.
[180]  Letafat, B., Shakeri, R., Emami, S., Noushini, S., Mohammadhosseini, N., Shirkavand, N., Ardestani, S. K., Safavi, M., Samadizadeh, M., Letafat, A., Sha?ee, A. and Foroumadi, A. (2013) Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16, 1155.
[181]  Farkas, L., Gottsegen, á. and Nógrádi, M. (1968) Synthesis of Encomin and (±) Eucomol. Tetrahedron Letters, 9, 4099-4100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)72872-3
[182]  Farkas, L., Gottsegen, á. and Nógrádi, M. (1970) The Synthesis of Encomin and (±) Eucomol. Tetrahedron, 26, 2787-2790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92854-6
[183]  Farkas, L., Gottsegen, á. and Nógrádi, M. (1971) Synthesis of Homoisoflavanones-II: Constituents of Eucomis Autumn Alis and E. Punctata. Tetrahedron, 27, 5049-5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)98209-2
[184]  Pfeiffer, P. and Emmer, H.J. (1920) Zur Kenntnis der Chromanone, II. (II. Mitteilung zur Brasilin- und H?matoxylin- Frage). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series), 53, 945-953.
[185]  Pfeiffer, P., Oberlin, H. and Konermann, E. (1925) über Methoxychromonole und das Schall-Drallesche Abbauprodukt des Brasilins. (IV. Mitteilung zur Brasilin- und H?matoxylin-Frage). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesell- schaft (A and B Series), 58, 1947-1958.
[186]  Woods, L.L. and Dix, P.A. (1959) Notes: Reactions of Several 4-Pyrones Catalyzed by Potassium Acetate and Trifluoroacetic Acid. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 24, 1126-1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a604
[187]  Gopaul, K., Shaikh, M.M., Koobanally, N.A., Ramjugernath, D. and Omondi, B. (2012) (E)-3-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-fluoro?-benzylidene)chroman-4-one. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports, 68, o1972.
[188]  Lévai, A., Dinya, Z., Schág, J.B., Tóth, G. and Sz?ll?sy, á. (1981) Pharmazie, 36, 465.
[189]  Lévai, A. and Szabó, Z. (1992) Pharmazie, 47, 56.
[190]  Chambers, R.J., Koch, K., Biggers, M.S. and Ramchandani, M. (1998) Synthetic Approaches to 2-(4-Hydroxy-7-chromanyl)benzoic Acids as Antagonists of Leukotriene B4. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 8, 1787-1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(98)00276-5
[191]  Mandal, T.K., Pal, R., Mondal, R. and Mallik, A.K. (2011) Facile Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Chro- man-4-Ones and 1-Thiochroman-4-Ones Catalysed by Amberlyst-15 under Microwave Irradiation Condition. E-Journal of Chemistry, 8, 863-869.
[192]  Dawood, K.M. and Fuchigami, T. (2001) Electrolytic Partial Fluorination of Organic Compounds. 55. Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Anodic Monofluorination of 2,3-Dihydrochroman-4-One and Chromone Derivatives. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66, 7691-7695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0105437
[193]  Basavaiah, D., Bakthadoss, M. and Pandiaraju, S. (1998) A New Protocol for the Syntheses of (E)-3-Benzylidenechroman-4-ones: A Simple Synthesis of the Methyl Ether of Bonducellin. Chemical Communications, 16, 1639-1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a804796k
[194]  Scholastica, M., Vithiya, B., Shanmugapriya, A. and Augustine, A.P.T. (2013) A Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Spiro[oxindole-chromanone]pyrrolidines and Pyrrolizines through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Protocol. Der Pharma Chemica, 5,184-188.
[195]  Wagner, G., Garbe, C., Vieweg, H., Brunn, M. and Dittrich, A. (1979) Pharmazie, 34, 55.
[196]  Hofmann, H. and Westernacher, H. (1969) Synthese von Derivaten des 1-Benzoxepins, 1-Benzothiepins und 1-Benzothiepin-1.1-dioxids. Chemische Berichte, 102, 205-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020126
[197]  Nishibata, K., Nishio, M., Ishii, T. and Ito, S. (1971) 3-Arylidenethiochromanone Derivatives. Japan Patent No. 7139865.
[198]  Orlov, V.D., Nadelman, O.A. and Mihedkina, E.I. (1981) Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 51, 1153.
[199]  Fang, L., Guo, C. and Zhang, Q.B. (1997) Studies on the Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Thiochromanone Deriv- atives. Chinese Chemical Letters, 8, 939-942.
[200]  Katschalowsky, A. and von Kostanecki, S. (1904) Ueber Flavindogenide. chte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 37, 3169-3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.190403703113
[201]  Széll, T. and Unyi, R.é.M. (1963) Condensation of Hydroxynitroacetophenones with Aromatic Aldehydes in the Pre- sence of Hydrogen Chloride. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 28, 1146-1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a515
[202]  Széll, T. and Zarándy, K. (1968) Synthesis of Benzylidene-Flavanones. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 46, 1571- 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v68-257
[203]  Reichel, L. and Grytzka, H. (1968) Chemie und Biochemie der Pflanzenstoffe, XXIII1) Bildung und Reaktionen von 3-Benzyliden-flavanonen. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 720, 154-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19687200114
[204]  Keane, D.D., Marathe, K.G., O’Sulivan, W.I., Philbin, E.M., Simons, R.M. and Teague, P.C. (1970) Configuration and Conformation of 3-Arylideneflavanones. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 35, 2286-2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a039
[205]  Reichel, L. and Hempel, G. (1966) Chemie und Biochemie der Pflanzenstoffe, XVII. Synthesen und Reaktionen Ami- no-substituierter Flavonoide. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 693, 216-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19666930123
[206]  Seikel, M.K., Lounsbury, M.J. and Wang, S.C. (1962) Identification of a 3-Benzylideneflavanone as a By-Product of a Chalcone Synthesis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 27, 2952-2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01055a528
[207]  Shah, P.R. and Shah, N.M. (1964) Untersuchungen über Chalkone. Kondensation von Chinacetophenen mit Benzaldehyd. Chemische Berichte, 97, 1453-1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970531
[208]  Dhara, M.G., Mallik, U.K. and Mallik, A.K. (1996) Alkali-Catalysed Condensation of Flavanones and Aromatic Aldehydes: Synthesis of E-3-Arylideneflavanones and Related Compounds. Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B, 35, 1214-1217.
[209]  Lévai, A. and Hetey, E.H. (1978) A Simple Convenient Synthesis of 3-Benzylideneflavanones. Pharmazie, 33, 378- 379.
[210]  Lévai, A. and Szabó, Z. (1992) Journal of Chemical Research(S), 380.
[211]  Sosnovskikh, V.Y., Irgashev, R.A. and Kodess, M.I. (2008) One-Pot Three-Component Reaction of 3-(Polyfluoro- acyl)chromones with Active Methylene Compounds and Ammonium Acetate: Regioselective Synthesis of Novel RF-Containing Nicotinic Acid Derivatives. Tetrahedron, 64, 2997-3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.076
[212]  von Auwers, K. and Arndt, F. (1909) Umwandlung von Thiophenol?thern in Thioflavanon-Derivate. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 42, 2706-2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.190904202190
[213]  Beirne, J.J. and O’Sullivan, W.I. (1977) The Preparation, Configuration and Conformation of 3-Arylmethylenethiof- lavanone Epoxides. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, 77, 337-342.
[214]  Lévai, A., Sz?ll?sy, á. and Tóth, G. (1991) Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 128, 359.
[215]  Lévai, A. and Szabó, Z. (1991) Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 128, 976.
[216]  Kovacs, J. (2002) Structure Elucidation of Natural Steroid-Glycosides and Products of 3-Arylidene-1-thioflavan-4-one Oxidation by NMR Methods, Ph.D. Dissertation, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute for General and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest.
[217]  Li, Y., Yang, Z.S., Zhang, H., Cao, B.J. and Wang, F.D. (2003) Artemisinin Derivatives Bearing Mannich Base Group: Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 4363-4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00499-1
[218]  Villar, R., Encio, I., Migliaccio, M., Gil, M.G. and Martinez-Merino, V. (2004) Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Lipophilic Sulphonamide Derivatives of the Benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 963-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2003.12.012
[219]  Venugopal, K.N. and Jayashree, B.S. (2008) Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Schiff Bases of Bromocoumarins as Antibacterials. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70, 88-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.40338
[220]  Pandey, S.N., Lakshmi, V.S. and Pandey, A. (2003) Biological Activity of Mannich Bases. Indian Journal of Pharma- ceutical Sciences, 65, 213-222.
[221]  Bhat, M.A., Imran, M., Khan, S.A. and Yeole, P.G. (2009) Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Schiff Base of Dapsone and Their Derivative as Antimicrobial Agents. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1, 22-23.
[222]  Santosh, K., Niranjan, M.S., Chaluvaraju, K.C., Jamakhandi, C.M. and Dayanand, K. (2010) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Some Schiff Bases of Sulfonamides. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 1, 39-42.
[223]  Karthikeyan, M.S., Prasad, D.J., Subrahmanya, B.P., Bhat, K. and Holla, B.Sh. (2006) Synthesis and Biological Activ- ity of Schiff and Mannich Bases Bearing 2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl Moiety. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 7482-7489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.015
[224]  Jiang, Y., Zhou, X., Hu, W., Wu, L. and Mi, A. (1995) Asymmetric Synthesis XXVII: Asymmetric Catalytic Trime-thylsilylcyanation of Aldehydes by Novel Ti-Chiral Schiff Base Complexes. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2915-2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4166(95)00385-1
[225]  Jarrahpour, A.A. and Rezaei, S. (2006) Synthesis of N,N’-Bis (a-methylsalicylidene) 4,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane as a Novel Complexing Agent. Molbank, 2006, M456.
[226]  Bell, S.C., Conklin, G.L. and Childress, S.J. (1963) The Separation of Ketimine Isomers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 85, 2868-2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00901a057
[227]  Munir, C., Yousaf, S.M. and Ahmad, N. (1985) Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 7, 301.
[228]  Abdel-Magid, A.F., Carson, K.G. and Harris, B.D. (1996) Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with So- dium Triacetoxyborohydride. Studies on Direct and Indirect Reductive Amination Procedures. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 61, 3849-3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo960057x
[229]  Raman, N., Raja, J.D. and Sakthivel, A. (2007) Synthesis, Spectral Characterization of Schiff Base Transition Metal Complexes: DNA Cleavage and Antimicrobial Activity Studies. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 119, 303-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12039-007-0041-5
[230]  Mekheimer, R.A., Abdel Hameed, A.M. and Sadek, K.U. (2008) First Synthesis and Isolation of the E- and Z-Isomers of Some New Schiff Bases. Reactions of 6-Azido-5-formyl-2-pyridone with Aromatic Amines. Molecules, 13, 195- 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13010195
[231]  Asiri, A.M. and Badahdah, Kh.O. (2007) Synthesis of Some New Anils: Part 1. Reaction of 2-Hydroxy-Benzaldehyde and 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde with 2-Aminopyridene and 2-Aminopyrazine. Molecules, 12, 1796-1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/12081796
[232]  Gor, D., Patel, P., Shah, M. and Patel, P.S. (2012) Synthesis and Characterization of 3-(4-{[(Substituted phenyl)methy- lene]amino}phenyl)-6-bromo-2-methylquinazoline-4-one. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4, 1947- 1949.
[233]  Al-Kahraman, Y.M.S.A., Madkour, H.M.F., Sajid, M., Azim, M.K., Bukhari, I. and Yasinzai, M. (2011) Nematicidal Efficacy of Schiff Bases Derived from Aryl and/or Heteroaryl Carboxaldehydes. World Journal of Chemistry, 6, 19-24.
[234]  Sharma, C.S., Gunjan, J.H., Singh, P., Ankalgi, A.D., Ranawat, M.S. and Diwaker, A.K. (2012) Synthesis, Characteri- zation and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Hydrazones. International Journal of Advance Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 1, 25-30.
[235]  Wadher, S.J., Puranik, M.P., Karande, N.A. and Yeole, P.G. (2009) Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Schiff Base of Dapsone and Their Derivative as Antimicrobial Agents. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1, 22-23.
[236]  Mrunmayee, P.T., Vilasrao, J.K. and Vithal, M.K. (2009) Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Azetidinones. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 1, 1194-1199.
[237]  Shreenivas, M.T., Chetan, B.P. and Bhat, A.R. (2009) Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Certain Schiff Bases and Thiazoldine Derivatives as AT1 Angiotension-II (AII) Receptor Antagonists. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 1, 88-94.
[238]  Yang, Z. and Sun, P. (2006) Compare of Three Ways of Synthesis of Simple Schiff Base. Molbank, 2006, M514.
[239]  Patil, S., Jadhav, S.D. and Patil, U.P. (2012) Natural Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Schiff Base under Solvent-Free Con- dition: As a Green Approach. Archives of Applied Science Research, 4, 1074-1078.
[240]  Akbar, M., Naser, F. and Mehdi, K. (2010) An Efficient Synthesis of Schiff Bases Containing Benzimidazole Moiety Catalyzed by Transition Metal Nitrates. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 34, 367-373.
[241]  Devidas, Sh.M., Quadri, Sh.H., Kamble, S.A., Syed, F.M. and Vyavhare, D.Y. (2011) Novel One-Pot Synthesis of Schiff Base Compounds Derived from Different Diamine & Aromatic Aldehyde Catalyzed by P2O5/SiO2 under Free-Solvent Condition at Room Temperature. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 489-495.
[242]  Bhagat, S., Sharma, N. and Chundawat, T.S. (2013) Synthesis of Some Salicylaldehyde Based Schiff Bases in Aqueous Media. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, Article ID: 909217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/909217
[243]  Schiff, H. (1864) Mittheilungen aus dem Universit?tslaboratorium in Pisa: Eine neue Reihe organischer Basen. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 131, 118-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18641310113
[244]  Moffett, R.B. and Rabjohn, N. (1963) Organic Synthesis. Vol. 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 605.
[245]  Taguchi, K. and Westheimer, F.H. (1971) Catalysis by Molecular Sieves in the Preparation of Ketimines and Enamines. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 36, 1570-1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00810a033
[246]  Kuehne, M.E. (1959) The Applications of Enamines to a New Synthesis of β-Ketonitriles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 81, 5400-5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a037
[247]  Love, B.E. and Ren, J. (1993) Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Imines. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 58, 5556- 5557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00072a051
[248]  Look, G.C., Murphy, M.M., Campbell, D.A. and Gallop, M.A. (1995) Trimethylorthoformate: A Mild and Effective Dehydrating Reagent for Solvation and Solid Phase Imine Formation. Tetrahedron Letters, 36, 2937-2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)00442-F
[249]  Vaas, R.S., Dudás, J. and Varma, R.S. (1999) Solvent-Free Synthesis of N-Sulfonylimines Using Microwave Irradia- tion. Tetrahedron Letters, 40, 4951-4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00867-9
[250]  Billman, J.H. and Tai, K.M.J. (1958) Reduction of Schiff Bases. II. Benzhydrylamines and Structurally Related Com- pounds. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 23, 535-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a009
[251]  White, W.A. and Weingarten, H. (1967) A versatile New Enamine Synthesis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 32, 213-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01277a052
[252]  Texier-Boullet, F. (1985) A Simple, Convenient and Mild Synthesis of Imines on Alumina Surface without Solvent. Synthesis, 1985, 679-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1985-31308
[253]  Naeimi, H., Salimi, F. and Rabiei, K. (2006) Mild and Convenient One Pot Synthesis of Schiff Bases in the Presence of P2O5/Al2O3 as New Catalyst under Solvent-Free Conditions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 260, 100- 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.06.055
[254]  Zhu, J., Chen, L., Wu, H. and Yang, J. (2009) Highly Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of Schiff Bases Using Hy- drotalcite-Like Materials as Catalyst. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 27, 1868-1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200990313
[255]  Katritzky, A.R. and Rees (1984) Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry. 1st Edition, Vol. 5, Pergamon Press, New York, 278.
[256]  Krein, E.B. and Aizenshat, Z. (1993) Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Reactions between Polysulfide Anions and Alpha, Be- ta-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 58, 6103-6108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00074a043
[257]  Parikh, V.M. (1974) Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Menlo Park, 324.
[258]  Said, S.A. (2006) Raf. Jour. Sci., 17, 5.
[259]  Abdel-Rahman, R.M. (1986) Selective Reactions with 3-Chloro-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine. Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Ankara Series B, 32, 87-88.
[260]  Seada, M., Fawzy, M.M. and Jahine, H. (1989) Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New Pyridazine Deriva- tives. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 36, 241-249.
[261]  Vicini, P., Gerenikaki, A., Anastasia, K., Incertia, M. and Zania, F. (2006) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2-Thiazolylimino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 3859-3864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.043
[262]  Al-Omar, M.A., El-Azab, A.S., El-Obeid, H.A. and Abdel Hamide, S.G. (2006) Synthesis of Some New 4-(3H)-Qui- nazoline Analogs as Potential Antioxidant Agents. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 10, 111-128.
[263]  Subramanian, N.S., Omprakash, G., Anjaneyulu, Y., Gupta, V.R.M. and Ramadevi, M. (2009) Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Novel Thiazolidino-Fused Compounds. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7, 1537-1552.
[264]  Kumar, R., Shukla, A. and Tyagi, D.S. (2012) An Efficient Synthesis of Bioactive Azetidinones and Thiazolidinones of 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2, 1-7.
[265]  Kumar, V. and Singh, P. (2010) Novel Pyrimidinone Derivative as Potential Promising Antimicrobial Agent. Der Pharma Chemica, 2, 52-62.
[266]  Veerabhadraiah, I.U., Rao, V.R. and Rao, T.V.P. (1990) Reaction of Mercaptoacetic Acid and Chloroacetyl Chloride with Benzalamino Thiazolyl Coumarins. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 55, 535-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900535
[267]  Cherkupally, S.R., Dasari, C.R., Vookanti, Y. and Adki, N. (2010) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Bis-[thiadiazol- 2-yl-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazole]methanes. Organic Communications, 3, 57-69.
[268]  El Azab, I.H. and Abd El Latif, F.M. (2012) A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of Isolated-Fused Heterocycles Based on: 2-Imino-N-phenyl-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide. Open Journal of Synthesis Theory and Applications, 1, 44-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojsta.2012.13008
[269]  Desai, K.R. and Mistry, K. (2006) Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulphur Containing Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Pharmacological Evaluation. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 45B, 1762-1766.
[270]  Patel, T.M. and Patel, A.M. (2012) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Azetidinone Derivatives. Der Phar- macia Lettre, 4, 579-583.
[271]  Ali, P., Meshram, J. and Tiwari, V. (2010) Microwave Mediated Cyclocondensation of 2-Aminothiazole into β-Lactam Derivatives: Virtual Screening and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity with Various Microorganisms. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2, 956-964.
[272]  Patel, T.M. and Patel, A.M. (2012) Study of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Re- search and Allied Sciences, 1, 36-39.
[273]  Parmar, K., Sutariya, Sh., Shukla, M. and Goswami, K. (2012) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Substituted 2H-pyrrole-2-ones Derivatives Based on 1-N-Phenyl-3-phenyl-4-formyl pyrazole (PFP). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4, 3478-3482.
[274]  Al-Bayati, R.I., Al-Amiery, A.A.H. and Al-Majedy, Y.K. (2010) Design, Synthesis and Bioassay of Novel Coumarins. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 74-86.
[275]  Al-Bayati, R.I., Al-Amiery, A.A.H. and Al-Majedy, Y.K. (2010) Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives: Synthesis and An- timicrobial (No Journal). 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-14). http://www.Sciforum.net&http://www.usc.es/congresos/ecsoc1-30
[276]  Jones, G. (1967) Organic Reactions. Vol. XV, Wiley, New York, 204.
[277]  Moison, H., Texier-Boullet, F. and Foucaud, A. (1987) Knoevenagel, Wittig-Horner Reactions in the Presence of Magnesium Oxide or Zinc Oxide. Tetrahedron, 43, 537-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89986-5
[278]  Gupta, M., Gupta, R. and Anand, M. (2009) Hydroxyapatite Caesium Carbonate as a New Recyclable Solid Base Catalyst for the Knoevenagel Condensation in Water. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 5, 7 p.
[279]  Sheibani, H. and Saljoogi, A.S. (2012) Regioselective Reactions of 3-Alkyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones with Acyl Halides in the Presence of Nonosized Magnesium Hydroxide as a Highly Effective Heterogenous Base Catalyst. Heterocyclic Letters, 2, 389.
[280]  Lehnert, W. (1974) Knoevenagel-Kondensation Mit TiCl4/Base-V, 3-Alkyliden-und-3-Aryliden-2,4-Pentandione aus Aldehyden und Acetylaceton. Synthesis, 1974, 667-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1974-23400
[281]  Rao, P.S. and Venkataratnam, R.V. (1991) Zinc Chloride as a New Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation. Tetra- hedron Letters, 32, 5821-5822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93564-0
[282]  Cabello, J.A., Campelo, J.M., Garica, A., Luna, D. and Marinas, J.M. (1984) Knoevenagel Condensation in Heterogeneous Phase Using AlPO4-Al2O3 as a New Catalyst. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 49, 5195-5197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00200a036
[283]  Angeletti, E., Canepa, C., Martinetti, G. and Venturello, P. (1988) Silica Gel Functionalized with Amino Groups for Knoevenagel Condensation under Heterogeneous Catalysis Conditions. Tetrahedron Letters, 29, 2261-2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)86727-1
[284]  Zheng, G.-Z., Lee, Ch.-H., Pratt, J. K., Perner, R.J., Jiang, M.Q., Gomtsyan, A., Matulenko, M.A., Mao, Y., Koenig, J. R., Kim, K.H., Muchmore, S., Yu, H., Kohlhaas, K., Alexander, K.M., McGaraughty, S., Chu, K.L., Wismer, C.T., Mi- kusa, J., Jarvis, M.F., Marsh, K., Kowaluk, E.A., Bhagwat, Sh.S. and Stewart, A.O. (2001) Pyridopyrimidine Analo- gues as Novel Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 11, 2071-2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00375-4
[285]  Cao, Y.Q., Dai, Z., Zhang, R. and Chen, B.H. (2004) A Practical Knoevenagel Condensation Catalyzed by PEG400 and Anhydrous K2CO3 without Solvent. Synthetic Communications, 34, 2965-2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-200026650
[286]  Warea, M., Madjeb, B., Pokalwara, R., Kakadea, G. and Shingarea, M. (2007) DBU: An Efficient Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation under Solvent-Free Condition. Bulletin of the Catalysis Society of India, 6, 104-106.
[287]  Heravi, M.M., Bakhtiari, Kh., Taheri, Sh. and Oskooie, H.A. (2007) A Straightforward Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Trisubstituted Alkenes through Na2S/Al2O3 Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 54, 1557-1560.
[288]  Gupta, R., Gupta, M., Paul, S. and Gupta, R. (2009) Silica Supported Ammonium Acetate: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation between Aldehydes or Ketones and Active Methylene Group in Liquid Phase. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 30, 2419-2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.10.2419
[289]  Sheibani, H., Seifi, M. and Bazgir, A. (2009) Three-Component Synthesis of Pyrimidine and Pyrimidinone Derivatives in the Presence of High-Surface-Area MgO, a Highly Effective Heterogeneous Base Catalyst. Synthetic Communica- tions , 39, 1055-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910802474982
[290]  Bigi, F., Conforti, M. L., Maggi, R., Piccinno, A. and Sartori, G. (2000) Clean Synthesis in Water: Uncatalysed Prepa- ration of Ylidenemalononitriles. Green Chemistry , 2, 101-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b001246g
[291]  Surpur, M.P., Kshirsagar, S. and Samant, Sh.D. (2009) Exploitation of the Catalytic Efficacy of Mg/Al Hydrotalcite for the Rapid Synthesis of 2-Aminochromene Derivatives via a Multicomponent Strategy in the Presence of Microwaves. Tetrahedron Letters, 50, 719-722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.114
[292]  Khalil, Kh., Al-Matar, H. and Elnagdi, M. (2010) Chitosan as an Eco-Friendly Heterogeneous Catalyst for Michael type Addition Reactions. A Simple and Efficient Route to Pyridones and Phthalazines. European Journal of Chemistry, 1, 252-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.1.4.252-258.211
[293]  Weiner, C., Liden, N.J. and Schroeder, C.H. (1963) Warfarin Intermediates. US Patent No. 3097213.
[294]  Shestopalov, A.A., Rodinovskaya, L.A., Shestopalov, A.M. and Litvinov, V.P. (2004) Cross Reactions of Cyano-acetic Acid Derivatives with Carbonyl Compounds 3. One-Step Synthesis of Substituted 2-Amino-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 54, 992-996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-005-0346-9
[295]  Khoobi, M., Alipour, M., Moradi, A., Sakhteman, A., Nadri, H., Razavi, S.F., Ghandi, M., Foroumadi, A. and Shafiee, A. (2013) Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Study of 5-Oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 68, 260-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.038
[296]  Sharanin, Y.A., Goncharenko, M.P. and Litvinov, V.P. (1998) Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with α,β-Unsatu- rated Nitriles as a Convenient Pathway to Carbo- and Heterocycles. Russian Chemical Reviews, 67, 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RC1998v067n05ABEH000371
[297]  Shestopalov, A.M. and Emeliyanova, Y.M. (2003) In: Kartsev, V.G., Ed., Selected Methods for Synthesis and Modification of Heterocycles, Vol. 2, IBS, Moscow, 363.
[298]  O’Neil, V.J. (2001) The Merck Index. Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, New York, 1818.
[299]  El-Gemei, G.E.H., Elecs, S.A., El-Sakka, I. and El-Nagdy, M.H. (1983) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 38b, 639-642.
[300]  Sowellim, S.Z.A., El-Taweel, F.M.A. and El-Agamey, A.A. (1996) Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 133, 229.
[301]  Tu, S., Jiang, B., Jiang, H., Zhang, Y., Jia, R., Zhang, J., Shao, Q., Li, Ch., Zhou, D. and Cao, L. (2007) A Novel Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of New 4-Azafluorenone Derivatives. Tetrahedron, 63, 5406-5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.053
[302]  Li, M., Qiu, Z.-X., Wen, L.-R. and Zhou, Z.-M. (2011) Novel Regio- and Stereo-Selectivity: Synthesis of Dihydropyr- rolo[1,2-f]Phenanthridines via Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reaction. Tetrahedron, 67, 3638-3648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.085
[303]  Mohammed, F.K., Soliman, A.Y., Ssawy, A. and Badre, M.G. (2009) 2-Amino-7-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-methyl-4H- chromeno-3-carbonitrile as a Key Precursor for the Synthesis of Several Chromene Based Heterocyclic Systems. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 1, 213-224.
[304]  Lichitsky, B.V., Dudinov, A.A. and Krayushkin, M.M. (2001) Reaction of 3-Aminocyclohex-2-en-1-ones with Arylidenemalononitriles: Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolin-5-ones. ARKIVOC, ix, 73-79.
[305]  Midorikawa, H., Kambe, S., Saito, K. and Sakurai, A. (1981) Synthetic Studies Using α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles: Facile Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives. Synthesis, 1981, 531-532.
[306]  Sharanin, Y.A., Goncharenko, M.P. and Litvinov, V.P. (1998) Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with α,β-Unsatu- rated Nitriles as a Convenient Pathway to Carbo- and Heterocycles. Russian Chemical Reviews, 67, 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RC1998v067n05ABEH000371
[307]  Aziz, S.I., Riad, B.Y., Alfahham, H.A. and Elnagdi, M.H. (1982) Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Novel Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,6:3’,4’]pyrano[5,4-b]isoxazoles. Heterocycles, 19, 2251-2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/R-1982-12-2251
[308]  Ibrahim, M.K.A., Elmoghayer, M.R.H. and Sharaf, M. (1987) Indian Journal of Chemistry, 26B, 216-219.
[309]  Zayed, E.M., Khalifa, M.A.E. and Mohamed, M.H. (1983) Symposium on Malononitrile and Other Reactive Malono- Synthons, Cairo, 7 April 1987, 79.
[310]  Daboun, H.A.F., Abdou, S.E., Hussein, M.. and El-Elnagdi, M.H. (1982) Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Syntheses of Pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole and pyrano[2,3-d]imidazole Derivatives. Synthesis, 1982, 502-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1982-29857
[311]  Abdel Hafiz, I.S., Ramiz, M.M.M. and Elian, M.A. (2012) Activated Anilide in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New Hydrazo, Dihydropyridazine, Tetrahydropyridine, Dihydropyridine and Pyranopyridine Derivatives. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 124, 647-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12039-012-0259-8
[312]  Abdelghani, E., Shehab, W.S., El-Mobayed, M. and Abdel Hamid, A.M. (2012) Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Some New Pyridazine Derivatives. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1, 220-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v1i3.87
[313]  Sánchez, A., Hernández, F., Cruz, P.C., Alcaraz, Y., Tamariz, J., Delgado, F. and Vázquez, M.A. (2012) Infrared Irradiation-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran Derivatives. Journal of the Mexican Che- mical Society, 56, 121-127.
[314]  Tisseh, Z.N., Dabiri, M., Nobahar, M., Khavasi, H.R. and Bazgir, A. (2012) Catalyst-Free, Aqueous and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of New 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles via a Multi-Component Domino Knoevenagel Condensation/1,3 Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. Tetrahedron, 68, 1769-1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.044
[315]  Wardakhan, W.W., Sherif, S.M., Mohareb, R.M. and Abouzied, A.S. (2012) The Reaction of Cyanoacetylhdrazine with Furan-2-Aldehyde: Novel Synthesis of Thiophene, Azole, Azine and Coumarin Derivatives and Their Antitumor Evaluation. International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2, 321-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2012.24044
[316]  Elnagdi, M.H., Abed, N.M., El-Moghayer, M.R.H. and Fleita, D.H. (1976) Reactivity of α-Cyanochelkones as Michael Acceptors. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 14, 422-424.
[317]  Elnagdi, M.H., Elmoghayer, M.R.H., Hammam, A.G. and Khallaf, S.A. (1979) The Reaction of Malononitrile with Thioglycolic Acid. A Novel Procedure for the Synthesis of Thiazolone Derivatives. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 16, 1541-1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570160804
[318]  Fuentes, L., Soto, J.L. and Vaquero, J.J. (1981) 18th International Congress in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Graz, 33.
[319]  Fahmy, S.M., Sadek, K.U., Mohareb, R.M. and Elnagdi, M.H. (1983) Symposium on Malononitrile and Other Reactive Malono-Synthons. Cairo, 7 April 1983, 55.
[320]  Fahmy, S.M., Abed, N.M., Mohareb, R.M. and Elnagdi, M.H. (1982) Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Pyridazines, Pyridines, and Isoxazoles. Synthesis, 1982, 490-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1982-29850
[321]  EL-mahdy, K.M., El-Kazak, A.M., Abdel-Megid, M., Seada, M. and Farouka, O. (2013) Journal of Advances in Che- mistry, 5, 581.
[322]  Attia, A.M.E., El-Hamid, A. and Ismail, A.A. (2003) An Approach to Acyclo-3-Deazapyrimidine S-Nucleosides via 3,5-Dicyano-2(1H)-pyridinethiones. Tetrahedron, 59, 1749-1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00113-3
[323]  Afzal, J., Vairdmani, M., Hazara, B. and Das, K. (1980) A Novel Thermal Knoevenacel Condensation via a Thermal Michael Reaction. Synthetic Communications, 10, 843-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918008062767
[324]  Allen, C.F. and Spangler, F.W. (1955) α,β-Unsaturated Malonates. Organic Syntheses, Coll., 3, 377.
[325]  Fones, W.S. (1967) Organic Syntheses, Coll., Vol. IV, 2nd Edition, 293.
[326]  Zabicky, J. (1961) The Kinetics and Mechanism of Carbonyl-Methylene Condensation Reactions. Part XI. Stereochemistry of the Products. Journal of the Chemical Society, 683-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jr9610000683
[327]  Gullu, M. and Utly, J.H.P. (1999) A New Class of Pyridopyrimidine Derivatives: Furo[2,3-d]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines. Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Ankara Series B, 45, 93-99.
[328]  Meskini, I., Toupet, L., Daoudi, M., Kerbal, A., Bennani, B., Dixneuf, P.H., Chohan, Z.H., Leite, A.C.L. and Hadda, T.B. (2010) An Efficient Protocol for Accessing β-Amino Dicarbonyl Compounds through Aza-Michael Reaction. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 21, S1-S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532010000600025
[329]  Magd-El-Din, A.A., Abd-El-All, A.S., Abdel-Rhaman, A.H. and El-Baroudyl, M.M.S. (2010) Antitumor and Synthesis of Furochromenyl Pyrazoles, and Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives. Nature and Science, 8, 12-22.
[330]  Harjani, J.R., Nara, S.J. and Salunkhe, M.M. (2002) An Intramolecular Pauson-Khand Approach to the Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentadienes. Tetrahedron Letters, 43, 1127-1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)02341-3
[331]  Jing, L., Hong-Liang, C., Lei, L. and Bin, F. (2010) Synthesis of New C2-Symmetric Fluoren-9-Ylidene Malonate De- rived Bis(Oxazoline) Ligands and Their Application in Friedel-Crafts Reactions. Molecules, 15, 8582-8592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128582
[332]  Sheldrick, G.M. (1997) SHELXS 97, Program for X-Ray Crystal Structure Solution and Refinement. University of Gottingen, Gottingen.
[333]  Bottex, M., Cavicchioli, M., Hartmann, B., Monteiro, N. and Balme, G. (2001) A Versatile Palladium-Mediated Three- Component Reactions of the One-Pot Synthesis of Stereodefined 3-Arylidene-(or 3-alkenylidene-)tetrahydrofurans. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66, 175-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0012997
[334]  Nakamura, M., Liang, C. and Nakamura, E. (2004) Zn(II)/Amine-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Alkylidenemalo- nates WIth Propargyl Alcohol: A One-Pot Synthesis of Methylenetetrahydrofurans. Organic Letters, 6, 2015-2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0493554
[335]  Zhong, H.-Y., Wang, T.-T., Zhang, Y.-K., Chen, H., Lv, Z.-L., Zhang, M.-F., Geng, D.-P., Niu, C.-J. and Li, K. (2011) Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Anti-Tumor Activity of Ethyl 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydro-1H- furo[3,4-c]pyran-3a-carboxylate. Chinese Journal of Structurnal Chemistry, 30, 1737-1741.
[336]  Deb, M.L. and Bhuyan, P.J. (2005) Uncatalysed Knoevenagel Condensation in Aqueous Medium at Room Tempera- ture. Tetrahedron Letters, 46, 6453-6456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.111
[337]  Mohamed, Sh.K., Abdelhamid, A.A., Maharramov, A.M., Khalilov, A.N., Gurbanovb, A.V. and Allahverdiev, M.A. (2012) Trizma: Efficient Catalyst and Reactant in Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction under Conventional Heat and Microwave Irradiation Conditions. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4, 1787-1793.
[338]  Abaee, M.S., Mojtahedi, M.M., Zahedi, M.M. and Khanalizadeh, G. (2006) Efficient MgBr2.OEt2-Catalyzed Knoeve- nagel condensation. ARKIVOC, xv, 48-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0007.f06
[339]  Kalbasi, R.J., Kolahdoozan, M., Massah, A. and Shahabian, K. (2010) Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Poly(4-methyl vinylpyridinium hydroxide)/SBA-15 Composite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Basic Catalyst for the Knoevenagel Reaction. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 31, 2618-2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2618
[340]  Ilangovan, A., Muralidharan, S. and Maruthamuthu, S. (2011) A Systematic Study on Knoevenagel Reaction and Nazarov Cyclization of Less Reactive Carbonyl Compounds Using Rare Earth Triflates and Its Applications. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society, 55, 1000-1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.6.1000
[341]  Kim, S.-Y., Kwon, P.-S., Kwon, T.-W., Chung, S.-K. and Chang, Y.-T. (1997) Microwave Enhanced Knoevenagel Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with Aldehydes. Synthetic Communications, 27, 533-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919708003323
[342]  El-Moghayer, M.R.H., El-Agamey, A.G.A., Abel, N.M. and Ibrahim, M.K.A. (1985) Anales de Química, 81, 236.
[343]  Daboun, H.A. and El-Reedy, A.M. (1983) Symposium on Malononitrile and Other Reactive Malono-Synthons, Cairo, 7 April 1983, 85.
[344]  Elnagdi, M.H., Elfahham, H.A. and Elgemeie, G.E. (1983) Utility of α,β-Unsaturated Nitrirles in Heterocyclic Synthe- sis. Heterocycles, 20, 519-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/R-1983-03-0519
[345]  Fuentes, L., Soto, J.L. and Vaquero, J.J. (1981) 18th International Congress in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Graz, 33.
[346]  Kaupp, G., Naimi-Jamal, M.R. and Schmeyers, J. (2003) Solvent-Free Knoevenagel Condensations and Michael Addi- tions in the Solid State and in the Melt with Quantitative Yield. Tetrahedron, 59, 3753-3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00554-4
[347]  Shi, D.Q., Chen, J., Zhuang, Q.Y., Wang, X.Sh. and Hu, H.W. (2003) The Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Acidic Methylene Compounds in Water. Chinese Chemical Letters, 14, 1242-1245.
[348]  Ware, M., Madje, B., Pokalwar, R., Kakade, G. and Shingare, M. (2007) DBU: An Efficient Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation under Solvent Free Condition. Bulletin of the Catalysis Society of India, 6, 104-106.
[349]  El-Rady, E.A. and Khalil, M.A. (2004) 2-Cyanoacetamide in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis of New Polysubstituted Pyrazole, Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 51, 779- 784.
[350]  Bojarski, J.T., Mokrosz, J.L., Borton, H.J. and Paluchowska, M.H. (1985) Recent Progress in Barbituric Acid Chemi- stry. Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 38, 229-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2725(08)60921-6
[351]  Tietze, L.F. and Bartels, C. (1991) Inter- and Intramolecular Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions, 32. Iridoids, 26. Synthesis of Bridged Homoiridoids from Secologanin by Tandem-Knoevenagel-Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1991, 155-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199119910128
[352]  Tanaka, K., Chen, X., Kimura, T. and Yoneda, F. (1987) Oxidation of Thiol by 5-Arylidene 1,3-dimethylbarbituric Acid and Its Application to Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfide. Tetrahedron Letters, 28, 4173-4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95570-9
[353]  Tanaka, K., Chen, X., Kimura, T. and Yoneda, F. (1988) 5-Arylidene 1,3-Dimethylbarbituric Acid Derivatives, Mild Organic Oxidants for Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 36, 60-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.60
[354]  Tanaka, K., Chen, X., Kimura, T. and Yoneda, F. (1988) Oxidation of Thiol with 5-Arylidene-1,3-Dimethylbarbituric Acid: Application to Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfide. Tetrahedron, 44, 3241-3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85957-3
[355]  Chaaban, I., Mohsen, A., Omar, M.E. and Maharan, M.A. (1984) Scientia Pharmaceutica, 52.
[356]  Smith, M.C. and Riskin, B.J. (1991) The Clinical Use of Barbiturates in Neurological Disorders. Drugs, 42, 365-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199142030-00003
[357]  Yachkov, D., Ivin, A.I., Smorygo, B.A. and Sochilin, N.A.E.G. (1976) Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 12, 1115.
[358]  Villemin, D. and Labiad, B. (1990) Clay Catalysis: Dry Condensation of Barbituric Acid with Aldehydes under Mi- crowave Irradiation. Synthetic Communications, 20, 3333-3337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919008051567
[359]  Dewan, S.K. and Singh, R. (2003) One Pot Synthesis of Barbiturates on Reaction of Barbituric Acid with Aldehydes Under Microwave Irradiation Using a Variety of Catalysts. Synthetic Communications, 33, 3081-3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120022485
[360]  Li, J.C., Li, G.S., Wang, C., Zhang, Y.Q., Li, X.L. and Yang, L.H. (2002) Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-hy- droxyl-cyclohex-2-ene-1-one-2-yl)-propionamide Derivatives Catalyzed by KF/Al2O3. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 22, 905-908.
[361]  Alcerreca, G., Sanabria, R., Miranda, R., Arroyo, G., Tamariz, J. and Delgado, F. (2000) Preparation of Benzylidene Barbituric Acids Promoted by Infrared Irradiation in Absence of Solvent. Synthetic Communications, 30, 1295-1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910008087151
[362]  Ali, K.-N. and Aboulghasem, H. (2001) Microwave Enhanced Knoevenagel Condensation of Barbituric Acid with Aromatic Aldehydes on Basic Alumina. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 20, 9-11.
[363]  Prajapati, D. and Sandhu, J.S. (1992) Chemistry Letters, 10, 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1992.1945
[364]  Reddy, Ch.S., Nagaraj, A. and Jalapathi, P. (2007) A New and Efficient Method for the synthesis of 5-Arylmethylene- Pyrimidine-2,4,6-Trione under Solvent and Catalyst Free Conditions. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 46B, 660-663.
[365]  Khan, K.M., Ali, M., Farooqui, T.A., Khan, M., Taha, M. and Perveen, S. (2009) An Improved Method for the Synthesis of 5-Arylidenebarbiturates Using BiCl3. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 31, 823-828.
[366]  Bamanie, F.H.A., Shehata, A.S., Moustafa, M.A. and Mashaly, M.M. (2012) Green Chemistry 1: Simple and Efficient Synthesis-In Water-and Antibacterial Activity of 5-Arylidene Derivatives of Thiobarbituric and Barbituric Acids. The Journal of American Science, 8, 481-485.
[367]  Thirupathi, G., Venkatanarayana, M., Dubey, P.K. and Bharathi Kumari, Y. (2013) Facile and Green Syntheses of 5-Arylidene-pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones and 5-Arylidene-2-thioxo-dihydro-pyrimidine-4,6-diones Using L-Tyrosine as an Efficient and Eco-Friendly Catalyst in Aqueous Medium. Chemical Science Transactions, 2, 441-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.7598/cst2013.385
[368]  Palasz, A. (2012) Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 1,4-Bis(pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)benzenes by Domino Knoevenagel/Diels-Alder Reactions. Monatshefte für Chemie, 143, 1175-1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-012-0781-x
[369]  Chen, B.-C. (1991) Meldrum’s Acid in Orgnaic Synthesis. Heterocycles, 32, 529-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/REV-90-422
[370]  Pita, B., Sotelo, E., Suarez, M., Ravina, E., Ochoa, E., Verdecia, Y., Novoa, H., Blaton, N., de Ranter, C. and Peeters, O.M. (2000) Pyridazine Derivatives. Part 21: Synthesis and Structural Study of Novel 4-Aryl-2,5-dioxo-8-phenyl- pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazines. Tetrahedron, 56, 2473-2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00082-X
[371]  Corey, E.J. (1952) The Mechanism of the Decarboxylation of α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated Malonic Acid Derivatives and the Course of Decarboxylative Condensation Reactions in Pyridine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 74, 5897-5905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a021
[372]  Kraus, G.A. and Krolski, M.E. (1986) Synthesis of a Precursor to Quassimarin. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 51, 3347-3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00367a017
[373]  Hedge, J.A., Kruse, C.W. and Snyder, H.R. (1961) Some Condensation Reactions of Isopropylidene Malonate. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 26, 3166-3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a032
[374]  Rao, P.S. and Venkataratnam, R.V. (1993) Indian Journal of Chemistry, 32B, 484-486.
[375]  Bigi, F., Carloni, S., Ferrari, L., Maggi, R., Mazzacani, A. and Sartori, G. (2001) Clean Synthesis in Water. Part 2: Uncatalysed Condensation Reaction of Meldrum’s Acid and Aldehydes. Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 5203-5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)00978-9
[376]  Tahmassebi, D., Wilson, L.J.A. and Kieser, J.M. (2009) Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Meldrum’s Acid in Ionic Liquids. Synthetic Communications, 39, 2605-2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910802663345
[377]  Zemtsov, A.A., Levin, V.V., Dilman, A.D., Struchkova, M.I., Belyakov, P.A. and Tartakovsky, V.A. (2009) Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of Arylidene Meldrum’s Acids. Tetrahedron Letters, 50, 2998-3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.188
[378]  Tsuno, T. and Sugiyama, K. (2001) Trends in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 7, 91.
[379]  Istyastono, E.P., Yuniarti, N. and Jumina, D. (2009) Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 20, 1.
[380]  Allen, J.C., Kociok-Kohn, G. and Frost, C.G. (2012) Rhodium-Catalysed Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Arylchro- man-2-ones. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 10, 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ob06586f
[381]  Lipson, V.V., Orlov, V.D., Desenko, S.M., Karnozhitskaya, T.M. and Shirobokova, M.G. (1999) Reaction of Aryli- dene Derivatives of Meldrum’s Acid with 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 35, 595-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324645
[382]  Meher, S.S., Naik, S., Behera, R.K. and Nayak, A. (1981) Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58, 274.
[383]  Dabholkar, V.V. and Ansari, F.Y. (2009) Synthesis and Characterization of Selected Fused Isoxazole and Pyrazole De- rivatives and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 74, 1219-1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JSC0911219D
[384]  Mulongo, G., Mbabazi, J., Nnamuyomba1, P. and Mpango, G.B. (2011) Further Biologically Active Derivatives of 1,3-Diketones. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1, 80-84.
[385]  Horning, E.C. and Horning, M.G. (1946) Methone Derivatives of Aldehydes. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 11, 95-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01171a014
[386]  Khan, K.M., Maharvi, G.M., Khan, M.T.H., Shaikh, A.J., Perveen, Sh., Begum, S. and Choudhary, M.I. (2006) Tetra- ketones: A New Class of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 344-351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.029
[387]  Kidwai, M., Bansal, V., Mothsra, P., Saxena, Sh., Somvanshi, R.K., Dey, S. and Singh, T.P. (2007) Molecular Iodine: A Versatile Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(4-hydroxycoumarin)methanes in Water. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 268, 76-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.11.054
[388]  Kantevari, S., Bantu, R. and Nagarapu, L. (2007) HClO4-SiO2 and PPA-SiO2 Catalyzed Efficient One-Pot Knoevena- gel Condensation, Michael Addition and Cyclodehydration of Dimedone and Aldehydes in Acetonitrile, Aqueous and Solvent-Free Conditions: Scope and Limitations. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 269, 53-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.12.039
[389]  Al-Orffi, N.M. and Gheath, A.H. (2008) New Method of 2-Amino-4H-Chromene Synthesis. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2, 60-68.
[390]  Bayat, M., Imanieh, H. and Hossieni, S.H. (2009) Synthesis of 2,2’-Arylmethylene Bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2- cyclohexen-1-one) in Aqueous Medium at Room Temperature. Chinese Chemical Letters, 20, 656-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2008.12.050
[391]  Maghsoodlou, M.T., Habibi-Khorassani, S.M., Shahkarami, Z., Maleki, N. and Rostamizadeh, M. (2010) An Efficient Synthesis of 2,2’-Arylmethylene Bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) and 1,8-Dioxooctahydroxanthenes Using ZnO and ZnO-Acetyl Chloride. Chinese Chemical Letters, 21, 686-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2010.02.005
[392]  Karimian, R., Piri, F., Karimi, B. and Moghimi, A. (2011) Silica Chloride Nano Particle Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,2’- (Arylmethylene)bis(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione) Derivatives. Croatica Chemica Acta, 84, 111-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca1721
[393]  Rao, V.K., Kumar, M.M. and Kumar, A. (2011) An Efficient and Simple Synthesis of Tetraketone Catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3-SiO2 under Solvent-Free Conditions. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 50B, 1128-1135.
[394]  Khurana, J.M. and Vij, K. (2012) Nickel Nanoparticles: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for One Pot Synthesis of Tetraketones and Biscoumarins. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 124, 907-912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12039-012-0275-8
[395]  Josephrajan, T., Ramakrishnan, V.T., Kathiravan, G. and Muthumary, J. (2005) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Acridinediones and Their Thiourea Derivatives. ARKIVOC, xi, 124-136.

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413