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Study of Chinese Enterprises’ Overseas M & A: Based on National and Corporate Cultural Distance  [PDF]
Bo Xu, Xi Jiang
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2014.29012
Abstract:

Chinese enterprises’ overseas M & A reached $43.4 billion in 2012, and the number was 26.3 times that of 2003. With Chinese enterprises’ increased overseas M & A cases, Chinese are facing the challenges from culture. This paper studies national cultural distance and enterprise culture distance, and measure relevant distance for 16 Chinese M & A cases.

Cultural Distance and FDI: China Africa Perspective  [PDF]
O’scawn Gagne
Open Journal of Business and Management (OJBM) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2018.62028
Abstract:
Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation back in 2000, Chinese investment in Africa rapidly increased. Almost two decades later, the economic partnership between China and African countries is facing both opportunities and challenges. This paper studies the impact of cultural distance on FDI, in the specific context of China-Africa cooperation. We employ generalized least squares regression analyses to estimate the impact of cultural distance on Chinese Outward FDI in 40 African countries from 2003 to 2015. Our results indicate that cultural distance has a significant negative impact on Chinese investment in Africa. Furthermore, distance in two of the four cultural dimensions has a bigger impact on FDI: Masculinity/Femininity and Uncertainty avoidance. We conclude that from China-Africa perspective, cultural distance creates additional barriers to Chinese investment.
Language Platforms and the Internationalization of Cultural Industry  [PDF]
Wenqiu Zhang
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2019.77011
Abstract: This article focuses on the relationship between the language platforms and the internationalization of cultural industry based on the panel data from 1995 to 2016 in 43 countries. The result shows that by substituting the negative effect because of the culture distance, Confucius Institutes can significantly promote the internationalization of Chinese cultural industry and the promotional effects show dissimilarities. The promotional effects are stronger in countries with closer culture. In Asia, Europe and South America setting Confucius Institutes can promote the export of cultural products better than in other continents. The article suggests the enterprises concerned should pay more attention to the promotional effects of the International language learning platform when they choose international target markets for the cultural products.
Broadening Horizons through Distance Learning: New Challenges for Education in Brazil and Some Other Geographical Areas  [PDF]
Dilvani Oliveira Santos, Janilson Pereira Torres Junior, Clara Maria Santos de Lacerda
Creative Education (CE) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2019.101012
Abstract: This article presents a brief history of distance education since its inception until present days, highlighting the correlations between that learning method and technological developments in the field of Education throughout the years. Furthermore, it aims at stressing that distance learning has always been a relevant subject in the field of education and is gaining ground all around the world once it is at the forefront of educational technology. Distance learning may enable learners to have widespread access to knowledge that they would not otherwise and, in this context, may keep alive the hope that teachers, students and educational public policies might converge so as to shape a promising future, especially in developing countries such as Brazil.
國家間圖書版權貿易的經濟和文化因素分析 An Analysis of the Economic and Cultural Determinants of Copyright Trade among Some Asia Countries
Jianbin Jin,Kete Wu
Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences , 2005,
Abstract: 本文通過分析中國大陸與5個儒家文化圈國家或地區在1998－2003年間的圖書版權貿易情況，探討經濟因素和文化因素在國家間圖書版權貿易中的相對重要性。本文發現，至少就中國大陸與亞洲儒家文化圈國家或地區間的圖書版權貿易而言，文化上的接近性或差異性對于版權貿易具有顯著影響，而對應國家的經濟發展水平則對圖書版權貿易并沒有顯著影響。 This paper aims to explore the relative importance of economic and cultural factors in the inter-countries book copyright trade. The analysis is based on the data of book copyright trade between mainland China and five Asia countries or areas which are commonly belong to the so-called Confucian Cultural Circle from 1998 to 2003. It is found that, at least within the discussed countries or areas, the cultural distance has a significant effect on the book copyright trade between the two countries while the economic development level shows no significant influence. The implications of these findings are also discussed.
Perception and experience of urban areas for cultural tourism: A social constructivist approach in Covent Garden
Adrian Guachalla
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1467358416646820
Abstract: Covent Garden is firmly established in London’s tourism landscape due to its commercial sector, distinctive architecture and provision of different forms of performing arts including the UK’s leading Opera House at its core. This study aims to understand the factors that shape the tourists’ perception and experience of this long standing urban precinct and the influence that the Royal Opera House exerts on these processes. It contributes to the understanding of how a well-established area is perceived and experienced by tourists exposed to a range of stimulating factors including a cultural flagship for the performing arts. A social constructivist approach was adopted to address this complex area of study from a non-foundational perspective. A total of 306 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a variety of locations revealing that age and nationality are fundamental elements underpinning the tourists’ perception and experience of place leading to a process of cultural appraisal
Quantifying the Distance between Religions: A Survey Based, Data Driven Approach  [PDF]
Pavithran Thilakanathan, Rezza Moeini, Mary Legrand
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2026.143001
Abstract: Religion has long been recognised as a central dimension of culture, yet no dedicated framework exists to quantify the cultural distance between religions. Existing models, such as Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, the GLOBE study, and Inglehart and Welzel’s cultural map, primarily focus on cross-national differences and treat religion as a single categorical variable. This study introduces a novel quantitative methodology for measuring cultural distance between religions by adapting the Cultural Fixation Index (CFST), originally derived from population genetics to cultural and behavioural survey data. Using data from the seven waves of the World Values Survey (1981-2022), religious groups were compared across selected value dimensions corresponding to Traditional versus Secular-Rational and Survival versus Self-Expression values. Responses were normalised, grouped by religion, and analysed to produce pairwise CFST values and a composite distance matrix representing inter-religious variation. The methodology accounts for both between-group and within-group variance, ensuring that intra-religious diversity is preserved in the calculation. The results demonstrate that the CFST approach can identify statistically meaningful distinctions between religions based on belief, practice, and value orientations. This provides a replicable and data-driven framework for quantifying religious and cultural differences, enabling future research in comparative religion, cultural evolution, and cross-cultural psychology.
Cultural distance between peoples’ worldview and scientific knowledge in the area of public health
Raza Gauhar,Singh Surjit
JCOM : Journal of Science Communication , 2004,
Abstract: The objective of the present paper is an attempt to measure the public understanding of science in the area of health and hygiene and test the efficacy of “cultural distance model”. A pre-tested open-ended questionnaire was used for administering cross-sectional surveys at a religio-cultural festival in India. 3484 individuals were interviewed and responses were coded and entered to construct computer database. The data was used for determining the cultural distance of five scientific concepts from the quotidian life of the target population. In developing countries, the formal system of modern education operates as a strong determinant in shaping cultural structures of thoughts prevalent among the citizens. There exists a cultural distance between the scientific structure of configuring natural occurrences and peoples’ complexity of thoughts. The distance varies significantly across the concepts that were subjected to the inspection and is a function of the nature of scientific information.
Chinese Indonesians under Jokowi: Flourishing Yet Unsettling  [PDF]
Enny Ingketria
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2018.67009
Abstract: From the Dutch colonial times until the end of Suharto era, Chinese Indonesians had gone through a series of institutional racism, as well as racial prejudice and discrimination, but Suharto’s New Order period was portrayed by some scholars as the toughest situation most Chinese Indonesians had to deal with at that time. If during the reign of Suharto, they found few accesses to express their Chinese identity, after the fall of Suharto, they were given more alternatives to articulate their Chinese-ness, either through media products or cultural activities. Nonetheless, in the first six years of post-Suharto era, the political and economic conditions were not yet stable, while the residual prejudice against Chinese Indonesians and the shadow of cultural trauma remained. Since previous studies have merely focused on the negative stereotypes towards ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, this research elaborates the identity formation of Chinese Indonesians during the administration of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), who is popularly known as pluralist figure. By using in-depth interview and participant observation to 30 participants who were mostly fourth generations of Chinese Indonesians, Chinese Indonesians today are still facing identity dilemma, in which they were predisposed to hide their ethnic identity, yet they were inclined to recover the image of Chinese identity in public. The cultural long-distance nationalism observed indicates that the younger generations of Chinese Indonesians nowadays have indeed strong emotional ties to their ancestral homeland.
The Integration of Social Emotional Learning and Cultural Education into Online Distance Learning Curricula: Now Imperative during the COVID-19 Pandemic  [PDF]
Neil F. Katzman, Michael P. Stanton
Creative Education (CE) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2020.119114
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of online distance education as a necessary platform for teaching learners at all levels both in the United States and throughout the world. The integration of social emotional learning and cultural education into online distance learning platforms has never been more critical to the success of future learners in society than during this time. This article addresses the current barriers to successful online learning including: 1) lack of secure broadband access in rural and underserved regions, 2) the importance of social emotional learning in online distance education, and 3) the critical need for cultural education within the online curricula of distance platforms.
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