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Rubber recovery from centrifuged natural rubber latex residue using sulfuric acid
Wirach Taweepreda
Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology , 2013,
Abstract: Waste latex sludge from centrifuged residue, which is a null by-product of concentrated latex manufacturing, wasdigested to retrieve the rubber by using sulfuric acid. It was found that the acid concentration and digestion time have aneffect on the amount and purity of the retrieved rubber. Sulfuric acid at concentrations of more than 10% by weight with adigestion time of 48 hours completely digested waste latex sludge and gave rubber 10% by weight. The quality of the retrievedrubber was examined for Mooney viscosity (MV), plasticity retention index, nitrogen content, and ash content. The averagemolecular weight of the retrieved rubber, using gel permeation chromatography, was lower than that of normal natural rubber(NR) which corresponds with the MV and initial plasticity (Po). The molecular structure from Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that the retrieved rubber surface is wet composed with hydroxyl functional ended group.The residue solution was evaporated and crystallized. The structure of crystals was determined using power X-ray diffractometer.
Removal of H2S in biogas from concentrated latex industry with iron(III)chelate in packed column
Rattana Saelee,Juntima Chungsiriporn,Janya Intamanee,Charun Bunyakan
Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology , 2009,
Abstract: This work concerns hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal from biogas produced from wastewater of concentrated latexrubber industry (CLRI). H2S content in the biogas of CLRI is significantly high (i.e., up to 0.77 mol/m3 or 26,000 ppm) dueto the use of H2SO4 during rubber coagulation process. Attempts to treat biogas with high H2S have not been found in literaturereviews. In this work, a chemical oxidation using an iron-chelated solution catalyzed by Fe(III)EDTA is selected forthe treatment of such high H2S concentrations. Experiments were performed using an industry-size packed column withdiameter and packed height of 0.5 and 0.8 m, respectively. The biogas flow rate and H2S concentration were in the range of5.16x10-3 - 5.61x10-3 m3/s and 0.35-0.77 mol/m3, respectively. Experimental results indicated that Fe(III)EDTA solution waseffective at removing H2S from biogas with a maximum removal efficiency of 97%. Suitable operating conditions, includingFe(III)EDTA concentration, flow of Fe(III)EDTA and air flow rate were determined. In addition, no side-reaction of Fe(III) EDTA with methane was found. Thus, chemical oxidation using an iron-chelated solution catalyzed by Fe(III)EDTA is a promising technology for H2S removal from biogas produced from CLRI or other industries. Finally, a mathematical model of the absorption and the reaction between H2S and Fe(III)EDTA in a packed column is proposed and verified against the experimental data. The results confirm the potential use of the model to design packed column for H2S removal from biogas using absorption coupled with oxidation by Fe(III)EDTA.
Enhancement of sludge granulation in anaerobic treatment of concentrated latex wastewater
Piyarat Boonsawang,Saifutdeen Laeh,Nugul Intrasungkha
Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology , 2008,
Abstract: Recently, the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor has become attractive for wastewater treatment with low energy requirement and biogas production. However, the start-up of an UASB reactor depends on the formation of granules. Therefore, this research aims to study the effect of AlCl3, CaCl2 and temperature on the granule formation process using real concentrated latex wastewater. The result shows that the optimum chemicals concentration of AlCl3 at 300 mg/l enhanced the biomass accumulation and sludge formation process. Approximately 50% of large granular size (0.5 mm < d < 0.8 mm) was obtained with a specific methanogen activity (SMA) of 0.14 gCOD/gVSS/d after 28 days. The COD removal efficiencies were gradually improved until reaching 50% at the end fermentation. Furthermore, the result shows that increasing temperature did not promote granular size. In addition, the granular sludge (R1) (positive control), crushed sludge (R2) and crushed sludge with 300 mg/l of AlCl3 (R3) was examined in 2-l UASB system. It was also found that reactor with AlCl3 supplement (R3) could provide a large granule size (d > 0.8 mm) within 35 days, whereas the large granular sizes in reactorwithout AlCl3 supplement (R2) became visible within 63 days. Moreover, this experiment found that R1, R2 and R3 could reach steady state within 40, 55 and 45 days, respectively.
Concentrated Growth Factor from Autologous Platelet Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia  [PDF]
Poh-Ching Tan, Yun Xie, Wei Wu, Peiqi Zhang, Yiming Gao, Kai Liu, Shuangbai Zhou, Qingfeng Li
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2019.123014
Abstract: Studies have shown that platelet concentrates can induce the proliferation of the dermal papilla and the vascularization of the perifollicular tissue, as well as accelerate the telogen-to-anagen transition, thereby promoting the regrowth of hair improving the appearance of hair loss. Herein, we report on the application of a new, modified form of platelet concentrates, namely, concentrated growth factors (CGFs), in 15 cases of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). 15 cases of androgenetic alopecia were treated with the use of monthly, subcutaneous injections of autologous CGF in the scalp. A total of 3 injections were administered 4 weeks apart, and the patients were followed up for 6 months. Assessments were performed before the treatments and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after the first treatment. The treatment outcomes were assessed by taking macroscopic photographs and trichoscopic photomicrographs, as well as by using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and the patient satisfaction survey. In order to determine the safety of the treatment, the injection area was observed for signs of infection or mass evaluation. The photographs showed significant improvement in hair appearance after injections of CGF. The hair photomicrographs showed that CGF promoted the regrowth of hair in balding areas, with an increased hair density and an increased ratio of terminal to vellus hair. The GAIS suggested that CGF treatments were effective in treating AGA, and the majority of patients were satisfied with their improvement. In addition, treatments resulted in a faster rate of hair growth and a decrease in the greasy and unpleasant sensation of the hair of the patients. At the last visit, none of the 15 patients reported experiencing side-effects during the follow-up period. To conclude, the application of CGF can be an effective method in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.
Mechanical Characterization of Rubber Latex-Based Carpets (Hevea bresiliensis): Influence of Rubber Latex Content and Fiber Fabrics (Cotton and Mosquito Nets) on Wear Resistance of Rubber Latex-Based Carpets  [PDF]
Assoumou Joseph Yomanfo, Obre Sery Paul Jolissaint, Edjikémé Emeruwa, Maméry Adama Serifou
Open Journal of Composite Materials (OJCM) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2023.133004
Abstract: This work focuses on the development of carpets from sand, fabrics of cotton fiber and mosquito nets and rubber latex. Following a study on the choice of the best formulations, the quantity of rubber latex used for shaping varies between 14% and 18% (latex/sand + latex ratio) for the carpet with the fabric of mosquito nets and between 16% and 18% for the one made with the fabric of cotton fiber. Thus, with a mixture of sand, fiber fabrics (cotton and mosquito nets) and rubber latex, carpets were developed. In addition, the wear test carried out on these samples indicates that it is possible to produce carpets with the new material made of rubber sand and latex: SABLATEX At room temperature. Following the characterization test, it resorts to only 16% latex with cotton fiber fabric, allowing to have carpets with good mechanical characteristics.
Toward Implementing HH the Amir Declaration of 2% Electricity Generation by Solar Energy in 2020  [PDF]
Mohamed Darwish, Ashraf Hassan, Rabi Mohtar
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2013.53024
Abstract:

The utility solar power plants were reviewed and classified by two basic groups: direct thermal concentrating solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV). CSP as Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) of 100 MW solar power plants (SPP) is suggested and suitable to provide solar thermal power for Qatar. Although, LFC had enough experience for small projects, it is still need to work in large scale plant such as 100 MW and couple with multi effect distillation (MED) to confirm costs.

Quenching Phenomena Due to a Concentrated Nonlinear Source in an Infinitely Long Cylinder  [PDF]
Patcharin Tragoonsirisak Marion
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics (JAMP) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2019.79138
Abstract: This article studies a semilinear parabolic first initial-boundary value problem with a concentrated nonlinear source in an infinitely long cylinder. We study the effects of the strength of the source on quenching. Criteria for global existence of the solution and for quenching are investigated.
Latex Allergy - Review Article
Dr. Athma Prasanna
Indian Anaesthetists' Forum , 2005,
Abstract: One of the natures gift to mankind is rubber. The usage of rubber and its products are of daily occurrence in modern life. It is not uncommon to have a regular daily exposure to rubber products from birth in all walks of life.
Latex Allergy - A Case Report
Dr. Athma Prasanna
Indian Anaesthetists' Forum , 2005,
Abstract: The usage of rubber and its products are not uncommon in various walks of life. A continuous exposure or contact may sensitize the human body, causing reactions from mild to fatal. Despite the availability of the literature, medical personnel are still unaware of the implications of the use of latex materials.
Knowledge about occupational latex allergy amongst Thai nurses and student nurses  [PDF]
Chompunuch Supapvanich, Andrew Povey, Frank de Vocht
Health (Health) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/health.2011.35054
Abstract: Glove usage, particularly powdered latex glove is a cause of latex allergy in hospital workers; therefore those workers must have latex allergy knowledge to protect themselves and patients from serious health problems. This study aimed to examine knowledge about latex allergy among nurses and compare their performance with student nurses in Thailand. A knowledge ques-tionnaire was administered to a random sample of 30 nurses and 30 student nurses who worked in hospitals where powdered latex gloves were used. Overall, nurses and student nurses gave correct responses to 27% and 28% of the questions, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge between nurses and student nurses. Both nurses and student nurses in Thailand have insufficient knowledge about latex allergy and its risk factors. Additional continuing education should be provided to reduce the probability of adverse reactions in sensitized staff and patients in Thai hospitals.
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