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Evaluating the Implementation of Energy Adaptive Reuse in Historic Buildings: A Case Study of the Historical Raghadan Hotel in Al Tal  [PDF]
Yathreb Sabsaby, Dalia Majzoub
Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research (JBCPR) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/jbcpr.2026.141005
Abstract: This study assesses adaptive reuse as a sustainable paradigm for historic building rehabilitation using an abandoned hotel in Tripoli, Lebanon, as its main case study. The study tackles systemic issues, such as insufficient natural lighting, inefficient energy use, and poor thermal comfort, that are present in neglected heritage buildings. The study uses a robust simulation-based approach with DesignBuilder software, which includes accurate geometric modeling, thermographic analysis, and local climatic data. This framework makes it possible to compare the building’s performance in its current condition with that after passive, heritage-sensitive changes, such as the installation of a central skylight, specialist stone interior finishes, and roof insulation. Adaptive reuse greatly improves environmental performance without affecting architectural integrity, according to the simulation results. Data obtained after the intervention shows: 1) Enhanced Daylighting with the central skylight that provides enhanced spatial illumination. 2) Thermal Stability by combining insulation and passive cooling to produce more constant interior temperatures. 3) A quantifiable decrease in the total amount of energy used, which is known as energy efficiency. This initiative bridges the gap between historical preservation and climate resilience by providing a data-driven paradigm for the revitalization of Lebanon’s underutilized architectural assets. This study provides a guide for sustainable urban development by showing how passive, non-invasive interventions may transform Tripoli’s historic masonry buildings to meet modern thermal and energy standards. It provides policymakers and architects with an established method to protect cultural identity while dramatically reducing the built environment’s carbon footprint in the Mediterranean.
Sustainable Urban Forest Conservation: Assessing Public Attitudes towards Urban Forests in Nairobi City  [PDF]
Mirera Raphael Binyanya, Njuguna Bernard Mugwima, Dennis Karanja, Stella Mbiti
Current Urban Studies (CUS) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/cus.2022.104039
Abstract: Nairobi city’s rapid development has caused urban tree cover loss despite evidence of demand, and values attached to these forests by the residents. This paper investigated these values through an analysis of the residents’ attitudes towards the urban forests. Data on urban forest characteristics, composition, problems, causes, and proposed solutions were collected through open ended questions and attitudinal values using a 7-point Likert psychometric scale questionnaire with 40 attitude statements. The findings on urban forest character, problems, causes, and solutions were ranked in order of popularity while attitudes were subjected to a Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis which ranked them in order of importance. The factor “Trees make the city beautiful” ranked as the most important variable (RII = 0.9457), followed by “Urban forests protect the city against climate change effects” (RII = 0.9228). The variable “Forests in the city should be cleared to provide more land for housing” factor was ranked as the lowest (RII = 0.2069). The study recommends that Nairobi’s urban forest conservation strategies recognize and prioritize resident’s values through participatory conservation strategies. In addition, adoption of the identified proposals, improvements and suggestions in the order tabulated in this paper will promote forest conservation.
El Centro Histórico Urbano de Camagüey, Patrimonio Mundial: Planeamiento, gestión y manejo
Gómez Consuegra,Lourdes;
Apuntes: Revista de Estudios sobre Patrimonio Cultural - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies , 2009,
Abstract: the urban historic center of camagüey owns heritage values that made him worthy to be included in the world heritage list of unesco, in 2008, synthesized: "one of the first seven villages founded by spaniards in cuba. camagüey played a prominent role as the urban centre of an island territory dedicated to cattle breeding and the sugar industry. once settled in its current location en 1528, the town developed on the basis on an irregular urban pattern that contains a system of squares, minor squares, serpentine streets, alleys and irregular urban blocks, highly exceptional for latin americans colonial towns located in plain territories. the religious buildings, associated with the main squares, constitute a system of landmarks in the urban fabric, characterized by its homogeneity.". the work exposes as since 1998 applies in the historic center of the city of camagüey, cuba, through the creation of the "office of the historian of the city", the cuban model for the conservation of the historic centers, with a focus of sustainability, tested in old havana since 1993. their results demonstrate the feasibility of the model that has allowed, next to the heritage values that holds, the declaration of world heritage in 2008.
Homeowner Associations as a Vehicle for Promoting Native Urban Biodiversity
Susannah B. Lerman,Victoria Kelly. Turner,Christofer Bang
Ecology and Society , 2012, DOI: 10.5751/es-05175-170445
Abstract: The loss of habitat due to suburban and urban development represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Conservation developments have emerged as a key player for reconciling new ex-urban residential development with ecosystem services. However, as more than half of the world population lives in urban and suburban developments, identifying conservation partners to facilitate retrofitting existing residential neighborhoods becomes paramount. Homeowner associations (HOA) manage a significant proportion of residential developments in the United States, which includes the landscape design for yards and gardens. These areas have the potential to mitigate the loss of urban biodiversity when they provide habitat for native wildlife. Therefore, the conditions and restrictions imposed upon the homeowner by the HOA could have profound effects on the local wildlife habitat. We explored the potential of HOAs to promote conservation by synthesizing research from three monitoring programs from Phoenix, Arizona. We compared native bird diversity, arthropod diversity, and plant diversity between neighborhoods with and without a HOA. Neighborhoods belonging to HOAs had significantly greater bird and plant diversity, although insect diversity did not differ. The institutional framework structuring HOAs, including sanctions for enforcement coupled with a predictable maintenance regime that introduces regular disturbance, might explain why neighborhoods with a HOA had greater bird diversity. For neighborhoods with a HOA, we analyzed landscape form and management practices. We linked these features with ecological function and suggested how to modify management practices by adopting strategies from the Sustainable Sites Initiative, an international sustainable landscaping program, to help support biodiversity in current and future residential landscapes.
Leopold’s Arboretum Needs Upstream Water Treatment to Restore Wetlands Downstream
Joy B. Zedler,James M. Doherty,Isabel M. Rojas
Water , 2014, DOI: 10.3390/w6010104
Abstract: A case study has broad relevance for urban natural reserves. Aldo Leopold’s far-reaching vision to restore historical ecosystems at the UW-Madison Arboretum has been difficult to achieve despite ~80 years of restoration work. Wetlands (~1/4 of the 485-ha reserve) resist restoration, given urban watersheds and inflows of low quality water. Current conditions favor aggressive invasive plants (cattails, reed canary grass, and buckthorn)—species that do not fulfill the 1934 vision. Today, urban runoff flows into remnant natural wetlands, degraded wetlands, the iconic Curtis Prairie, and constructed wetlands. Regulations for total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) have led local municipalities to expand pre-existing sediment- and nutrient-trapping ponds from 5.67 ha (14 ac) of Arboretum land to 9.3 ha (23 ac) to protect downstream lakes. Both the runoff and the treatment facilities (with invasive plants) limit the Arboretum’s ability to achieve pre-settlement vegetation. Consistent with Leopold’s vision, we endorse Arboretum principles that urban runoff be restored to pre-settlement quality, and we recommend shifting efforts to reduce TMDLs to upstream lands in order to protect the Arboretum. Given that invasive species will persist, Leopold’s Arboretum should be rededicated to research, education, and restoration, plus sustainable management of its waters and wetlands.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Ecological Restoration of the City with an Emphasis on Urban Metabolism  [PDF]
Ahmadreza Lotfi, Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour
Open Journal of Ecology (OJE) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/oje.2016.67036
Abstract: It would not be far-fetched to say that people’s lives depend on their environment and its quality. With growing urbanization of this dependence is growing increasingly urban environment. Urbanization not only balances economic and social development in the cities but also stirs the regional ecological imbalances and the natural areas. In addition to these problems, there is disruption of water, air, soil and environment built on imbalances between urban areas and the lack of social vitality and frustration. All cities, especially metropolitan with developing economies face to uncertainty in terms of health, environment and quality of life. This article utilizes the ecological and environmental issues and integrates it with urban metabolism approach to the study’s revival of urban ecology, something that results in enhanced quality of life for citizens. This research is the theoretical and analytical method. In the research process of this study, related domestic and foreign literature subsequently of traditional and electronic library resources, books and articles published in journals have been used. According to the type of research in this study, descriptive analysis was performed. Based on findings of this study, urban ecology is a tool to control and guide of urban growth and activities in a way to improve quality of urban environment. Applying urban ecology in designing cities has provided opportunities to create practical ecological systems. By using them, natural process, human activities and urban environment could be combined. Moreover, urban metabolism as an indicator of urban sustainability and a part of urban ecology includes two main related and non-contra-dictory approaches of odum and MFA. Due to difficulties which modern cities face to, benefiting and applying these approaches seem vital.
Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines for Different Types of Urban Ponds: A Case Study of Sylhet, Bangladesh  [PDF]
Shataparna Das, Subrata Das
Current Urban Studies (CUS) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/cus.2022.104035
Abstract: Urban ponds are one of the essential natural elements that have supported urban communities with ecological benefits as well as sociocultural and economic activities throughout the ages. These ponds are presently facing existential threats due to increased urbanisation and the lack of available space in the cities. Sylhet, one of the most prominent cities in Bangladesh, is expanding at an unprecedented rate. Migrants are making the city’s inner circle more populated, raising more pressure on building density, and ponds and open spaces are being filled up. As a result, urban dwellers’ living conditions are worsening due to the lack of natural areas and the growing number of environmental issues. People are losing access to ponds and open spaces and shifting away from their traditional lifestyles. Meanwhile, the municipality is working diligently to address these issues, but a collaborative effort between the community and the municipality is required to resolve the difficulties. This paper aims to analyze the importance and current status of the city’s existing ponds and establish development guidelines for the ponds, so they can be designed and protected sustainably. Some findings of a survey conducted among the local communities have been presented. Their opinions about these natural elements and reviews from previous research are discussed and analyzed, leading to the design implications for the sustainability of the urban ponds and a sustainable future city.
Sustainable Heritage Development: Learning from Urban Conservation of Heritage Projects in Non Western Contexts
. Amira Elnokaly,Ahmed Elseragy
European Journal of Sustainable Development , 2013,
Abstract: Urban conservation has been a subject of academic and professional discourse for over three decades. Conservation in this paper is seen as an umbrella term that covers a wide spectrum of issues that can be classified under three categories: socio-physical, socio-cultural, and environmental concerns. It is also manifested as a process of evolutionary development which involves preserving, restoring, adapting old structures, while introducing new ones; a process that respects the continuity of history and tradition, the needs of inhabitants and their cultural aspirations. This understanding indicates that urban conservation is a process of continuous yet controlled interventions in the environment. The extent and the degree of such an intervention is dependent upon crucial factors that include the value system adopted by the society, the resources available, and the cultural and environmental context within which such an intervention takes place. With an ultimate goal to discern lessons from urban conservation practices, urban rehabilitation and adaptive re-use is discussed with reference to a number of non-western case studies. The paper aims at exploring the merits of six conservation and rehabilitation projects which have received considerable coverage and recognition on a national and international level while they have not been put into contextual comparison with others. Merits of these projects are analysed and highlighted in this article to work as an archetype for similar projects around the world. The paper concludes that to maintain sustainability of the revitalisation and urban conservation approaches, the typical urban tissue and essential qualities of the historic areas and of the life of the communities residing there should be maintained, while adapting the physical structures and activities to some of the today’s requirements.
Challenges of Mega Cities: Lessons for Evolving Sustainable Nigerian Cities  [PDF]
Akubue Jideofor Anselm
Modern Economy (ME) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/me.2019.109128
Abstract: The current Millennium Development Goals call for a re-thinking of city development cooperation as majorly urban. This article builds upon the lessons learnt from existing modern day megacities. It dwells upon the events that were triggered by urbanization leading to the modern day mega cities and their challenges in the process of evolving more sustainable structure in the 21st century. The ideas herein are important for young developing cities in Nigeria where urbanization is already ravaging the spaces that are left for development as well as generates ideas for existing megacities like Lagos which ranks in the first 25 largest cities in the world. Urban development has long suffered diminishing effects due to majorly unsustainable initiatives and paucity of innovative solutions in planning and development in Nigeria. Mega cities’ ecological footprint as well as their socio-economic and political impact often goes further than comparable medium states. Megacities, which function with the anchor country concept and understood as anchor cities in the context of urbanization, possess huge potential for sustainable regional development, which yet has to be realized and addressed by Nigeria’s development initiatives. This paper observes the trends and challenges in modern day Mature and Transitional mega city development, and highlights ideas which Nigerian cities can employ to successfully influence sustainable mega urban development.
Knowledge Gaps in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation in Nairobi, Kenya  [PDF]
Bessy Kathambi
American Journal of Climate Change (AJCC) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2023.123019
Abstract: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.
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