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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Uro-Genital Bacterial Isolates in Southern Libreville, Gabon: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (2025)  [PDF]
Farel-Constant Boumas Retiga, Guy Judicaël Ella Ndong, Grace Pathy Goulabou Mbandza, Hadry Roger Sibi Matotou, Luice Aurtin Joël James, Marie Andrée N’negue ép. Mezui-Mbeng
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1115919
Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa, where local surveillance data remain limited, including in Gabon. This study aimed to describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates from uro-genital infections in the southern Libreville region over the year 2025. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 477 clinical specimens processed with an automated identification and susceptibility testing system. After excluding yeasts (n = 199), 278 bacterial isolates were included. Resistance status per antibiotic class was determined from resistance phenotypes and raw minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); MIC50 and MIC90 values were calculated for key antibiotics in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus spp. Proportions are reported with 95% confidence intervals (Wilson method). Results: The population was predominantly female (76.3%), with urine cytobacteriological examination (43.8%) and combined genito-urinary specimens (40.7%) as the leading specimen types. Escherichia coli (35.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.7%) were the most frequent bacterial isolates. High resistance was observed for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98.3%) and beta-lactams (79.3%), with an MIC90 for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone ≥ 64 mg/L in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, suggestive of a high prevalence of ESBL production. More than half of all bacterial isolates (56.5%) were resistant to at least three antibiotic classes, meeting a standard multidrug-resistance (MDR) definition. Direct analysis of vancomycin MICs (MIC50 0.75 - 1 mg/L, MIC90 1 mg/L) revealed no glycopeptide resistance among Staphylococcus spp., contradicting an initially discordant automated derived indicator. Conclusion: These data confirm a high level of resistance to first-line antibiotics among uropathogens in the southern Libreville region, consistent with published data from other Gabonese and sub-Saharan African sites, and highlight fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and carbapenems as valuable therapeutic options of last resort.Subject AreasMicrobiology
Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of the Antiradical Activity of Extracts of Oleaginous Seeds of Panda oleosa and Isolona hexaloba from Gabon  [PDF]
M.-A. N’negue ép Mezui-Mbeng, Darina Medza, Prosper Edou Engonga, Ognane Bikoro Lié, Lyne Mengome, Nestor Engone, Abougone Sophie
Food and Nutrition Sciences (FNS) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/fns.2022.132015
Abstract: Our study focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the anti-free radical activity of seed extracts of two oleaginous plants from Gabon used in traditional medicine or as condiments: Panda oleosa and Isolona hexaloba. The extraction was carried out by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity: cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol and finally distilled water. The total yields of the extracts are about 69.50% for Panda oleosa and 34.28% for Isolona hexaloba. The phytochemical tests carried out on the extracts of the seeds of Panda and Isolona highlight in both seeds the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, triterpenes, carotenoids, reducing compounds, flavonoids, total sugars, coumarins, anthraquinones, free quinones, free anthracene derivatives, and terpenoids. Isolona seeds also contain leucoanthocyanins, sterols, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Phytochemical tests revealed the absence of tannins and mucilage in both seeds. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by scavenging the free radical cation of 2,2’-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS-+) with gallic acid as the reference antioxidant. The results of the free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both seeds showed that the aqueous extracts were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The IC50s of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Panda seeds are 40 and 60 μg·mL-1 respectively, and those of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Isolona are 37.5 and 95 μg·mL-1 respectively. Gallic acid, the reference antioxidant (IC50 = 0.37 μg·mL-1) is about 10 times more active than the aqueous extracts of both seeds, 16 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Panda and 25 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Isolena.
How Do Business and Credit Cycles Interact in EMCCA Countries?  [PDF]
Pamphile Mezui-Mbeng
Modern Economy (ME) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/me.2013.44030
Abstract:

This article analyzes potential interactions between cyclic fluctuations in credit and activity in countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA). Cycles are extracted by using a pass-band filter, then characterized over the period 1960-2008 according to the Bry and Boshan algorithm. Co-movements and concordance analysis establish that credit is procyclical in the EMCCA countries. Cointegration and causality tests specify interactions between the both cycles within countries. Indeed, in Chad credit cycle causes activity cycle; in Gabon and Congo, a feedback effect is observed; in Cameroon and CAR causality seems less obvious. Finally, results reveal specificities in banks behavior towards the financing of activity in EMCCA area.

A Note on Cochran Test for Homogeneity in Two Ways ANOVA and Meta-Analysis  [PDF]
Pamphile Mezui-Mbeng
Open Journal of Statistics (OJS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2015.57078
Abstract:

In this paper, we generalize the proof of the Cochran statistic in the case of an ANOVA two ways structure that asymptotically follows a Chi-2. While construction of homogeneity statistics test usually resorts to the determination of the covariance matrix and its inverse, the Moore-Penrose matrix, our approach, avoids this step. We also show that the Cochran statistic in ANOVA two ways is equivalent to conventional homogeneity statistics test. In particular, we show that it satisfies the invariance property. Finally, we conduct empirical verification from a meta-analysis that confirms our theoretical results.

Banking consolidation and credit availability for small medium enterprises : evidence from CAMEU countries
Pamphile Mezui-Mbeng
- , 2013, DOI: 10.14419/ijaes.v1i2.1009
Abstract: This article deals with the question whether the process of banking consolidation worsens small medium enterprises (SME) access to credit in Central African Monetary and Economic Union (CAMEU). We utilized cross-sectional data originated from post consolidation banks in CAMEU over the period 1990 to 2010. From a pooled regression in panel data analysis, we findcontrary to public fearthat banking consolidation in CAMEU does not have a significant negative impact on the financing of small medium enterprises. In particular, our results confirm that consolidation process induced changes in banks structure in terms of size and capitalization which positively influence availability of credit for small medium enterprises in the Union. For policy, the need to strengthen the CAMEU banking system becomes fundamentals if the potentials of the bank consolidation exercise will be fully realized.
Parallel profiling of immune infiltrate subsets in uveal melanoma versus cutaneous melanoma unveils similarities and differences: A pilot study
Alexander J. Lazar,Alexandre Reuben,Arely Wahl,Bita Esmaeli,Cara Haymaker,Chantale Bernatchez,Christine N. Spencer,Claudius Conrad,Dan S. Gombos,Esteban Flores,Jennifer A. Wargo,Mariana Petaccia de Macedo,Marie-Andrée Forget,Michael T. Tetzlaff,Michelle D. Williams,Orenthial J. Fulbright,Patrick Hwu,Rene J. Tavera,Renjith Ramachandran,Rodabe N. Amaria,Sapna P. Patel,Shawne T. Thorsen,Sujan Reddy,Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan,Wei-Lien Wang,Yong Qin,Zachary A. Cooper
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1321187
Abstract:
TIL therapy and anti-CTLA4: can they co-exist?
Cara Haymaker,Chantale Bernatchez,Marie-Andrée Forget,Rodabe N. Amaria
- , 2019, DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26509
Abstract: Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL ACT) is one of the first living immunotherapies to be tested in multiple clinical trials in metastatic melanoma and results consistently in a 40 to 50% overall response rate [1-5]. The majority of these trials were conducted prior to the wide spread use of checkpoint inhibition. Given the ease of administration and favorable response rates, checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 have been FDA approved and are now widely used. This has dramatically changed the patient population seeking TIL therapy. In our recent publication, we evaluated the impact of pretreatment with anti-CTLA4 in TIL ACT-treated patients and found that patients that were exposed to this checkpoint inhibitor prior to TIL therapy experienced a reduced clinical response of shorter duration. In addition, patients who were previously exposed to anti-CTLA4 were infused with less TIL than the checkpoint point na？ve patients, suggesting a suboptimal ability of the CTLA4-exposed TIL to expand [6]. Since our previous work had shown that higher number of TIL infused correlated with responses, this observation was of concern [2]. The reduced proliferation occurred only during the rapid expansion protocol (REP) step, where cells are grown in presence of a TCR stimulation. Why would anti-CTLA4 exposed TIL grow less after TCR activation
Enzymatic and genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase- 1 in the Gabonese population: The relation to lipid parameters in patients with diabetes
FA Abessolo, MJ Bruno, MA N’negue, M Yangou, E Ngou-Milama
Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa , 2012,
Abstract: Background: The objective was to study the relationship between the paraoxonase-1 activity, genetic polymorphisms and lipid parameters in a black patient population. Method: This study investigates patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension for which concentrations of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B100, the latency time of oxidation of small and dense LDL, arylesterase activity and genetic polymorphism of paraoxonase-1 at positions T(-107)C, L55M and Q192R were determined and compared to healthy subjects. Results: Concerning the T(-107C) polymorphism, the -107T allele is higher in healthy subjects (0.325) than in those with diabetes (0.660). This was the same for the 55M allele, whereas the -107C allele was lower in healthy patients (0.675) than in patients with diabetes (0.340). Paraoxonase-1 activity was lower in patients with diabetes than in healthy subjects, irrespective of genotype. The -107CC genotypes had higher HDL cholesterol AI apolipoprotein I concentrations than -107TT in the control group (p-value = 0.0001), patients with diabetes (p-value = 0.002), and patients with hyptertension (p-value = 0.001). This result was also obtained with the 55LL genotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of paraoxonase-1 alleles associated with lesser enzyme activities was found to be more common in patients with diabetes than in the control group. Possibly, this genetic distribution contributes to the high cardiovascular risk that is observed in certain black patients, compared to that in white patients.
Genomic and immune heterogeneity are associated with differential responses to therapy in melanoma
Adi Diab,Alexander J. Lazar,Alexandre Reuben,Alexandria P. Cogdill,Brett W. Carter,Cara Haymaker,Chantale Bernatchez,Christine N. Spencer,Courtney W. Hudgens,Curtis Gumbs,Elizabeth A. Grimm,Eveline Chen,Hannah C. Beird,Haven R. Garber,Hong Jiang,Hussein Tawbi,Ignacio I. Wistuba,Isabella C. Glitza,Jacob Austin-Breneman,James P. Allison,Jason Roszik,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Jeffrey E. Lee,Jennifer A. Wargo,Jianhua Hu,Jianhua Zhang,Jiong Chen,John P. Miller,Karen Clise-Dwyer,Khalida Wani,Latasha D. Little,Luigi Nezi,Lynda Chin,Mariana Petaccia De Macedo,Marie-Andrée Forget,Michael A. Davies,Michael T. Tetzlaff,P. Andrew Futreal,Padmanee Sharma,Patrick Hwu,Pei-Ling Chen,Peter A. Prieto,Rebecca L. Thornton,Robert Szczepaniak Sloane,Rodabe N. Amaria,Sangeetha M. Reddy,Sapna P. Patel,Scott E. Woodman,Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan,Wei-Shen Chen,Whijae Roh,Xingzhi Song,Xizeng Mao,Zachary A. Cooper
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0013-8
Abstract: Differential intrapatient responses to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade are widespread in patients with synchronous melanoma metastases. a Change in tumor size from baseline in a cohort of 30 patients with synchronous melanoma metastases treated with BRAF/MEK-inhibitor combination first-line therapy. b Change in tumor size from baseline in a cohort of 30 patients with synchronous melanoma metastases treated with PD-1 checkpoint blockade first-line therapy. Representative CT scans showing differential intrapatient responses to therapy in two patients treated with c BRAF-inhibitor therapy and d PD-1 blockad
Imaging at depth in tissue with a single-pixel camera
V. Durán,F. Soldevila,E. Irles,P. Clemente,E. Tajahuerce,P. Andrés,J. Lancis
Physics , 2014,
Abstract: One challenge that has long held the attention of scientists is that of clearly seeing objects hidden by turbid media, as smoke, fog or biological tissue, which has major implications in fields such as remote sensing or early diagnosis of diseases. Here, we combine structured incoherent illumination and bucket detection for imaging an object completely embedded in a turbid medium. A sequence of low-intensity microstructured light patterns is launched onto the object, whose image is accurately reconstructed through the light fluctuations measured by a single-pixel detector. Our technique is noninvasive, does not require coherent sources, raster scanning nor time-gated detection and benefits from the compressive sensing strategy. We experimentally retrieve the image at visible wavelengths of a transilluminated target embedded in a 6mm-thick sample of chicken breast.
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