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Hand Hygiene in Pediatric Emergency Care Unit in a Teaching Hospital in Benin  [PDF]
L. Zohoun, C. Degbey, C. Lajoumo, M. D’Almeida
Open Journal of Pediatrics (OJPed) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2020.104070
Abstract: Introduction: Appropriate hand hygiene reduces healthcare associated infections (HCAI). The present study was an attempt to determine the real knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals of pediatric emergency care unit in Benin. Methods: This was a three-month observational study. First a trained interviewer observed both the premises and the healthcare professionals during their administering treatment, without their knowledge. Second, their level of knowledge about HCAI was examined using a self-administered questionnaire. Finally, bacteria were cultured/measured from their hands before and after hand-washing through swab samples. Outcome: The modes of microorganism transmission were poorly known (21.6%), but knowledge about the 5 moments for hand hygiene was satisfactory (84.1%). Hand hygiene adherence rate was 6.9% in the study population. Simple hand-washing was prevalent (82%). The healthcare professionals did not adhere to the recommended duration for hand-washing. The required hand-washing equipment was inadequate, and alcohol-based handrub dispenser was unavailable. Microorganism isolated from healthcare professionals before hand-washing included Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter Cloacae. After hand-washing, the transient flora decreased. Conclusion: Hand hygiene adherence rate is low in the study population. An immediate action is required to improve observance of hand-washing. This may include: training healthcare professionals, displaying visual behavior reminder posters, providing alcohol-based handrub.
Healthcare-Associated Infections: Experiences and Perceptions of Nurses at the Ziniaré District Hospital in Burkina Faso  [PDF]
Marc Souli, Noufou Gustave Nana, Soutongnoma Safiata Kaboré, Dieudonné Soubeiga, Hervé Hien
Open Journal of Nursing (OJN) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2023.1311054
Abstract:

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a worldwide concern because of their magnitude and their human and financial cost. While nurses’ non-compliance of hygiene and asepsis measures is questioned, the rationale behind it is not fully understood. We hypothesized that nurses’ experiences and perceptions are one of the reasons for their non-compliance with prevention recommendations. Also, nurses’ caring approach would play an important role in patient safety. The objective of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences and perceptions of HAIs in a district hospital in Burkina Faso with the aim of developing a culture of safety in health care practices. Methods: Qualitative data were collected through unstructured interviews with twenty nurses from the Ziniaré district hospital. Data analysis followed the qualitative phenomenological method according to Giorgi. Results: Phenomenological analysis yielded the following themes: “an ignored reality”; “a denied responsibility”; and “a vulnerable problem”. These results show that nurses’ perception of the extent and seriousness of HAIs is low, and that they deny responsibility for their occurrence. As a result, HAIs are not always perceived as a concern. However, nurses deplore the situation, but remain optimistic about resolving the problem. Conclusion: These nurses’ perceptions of HAIs could explain their non-compliance with prevention recommendations. Corrective action could be redirected by raising awareness, continuing training, improving working conditions and involving all players, including patients and their families, in the fight against HAIs.

Healthcare-Associated Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infections in Wards A and B of Medicine Department, CNHU-HKM of Cotonou: Characteristics and Risk Factors  [PDF]
Angèle Azon-Kouanou, Kouessi Anthelme Agbodande, Faridath Abèni Tatiane Massou, Dissou Affolabi, Roberto Dossou Torès Kouassi Prudencio, Carin Ahouada, Komi Habada, Murhula Katabana Delphin, Djimon Marcel Zannou, Fabien Houngbé
Open Journal of Internal Medicine (OJIM) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ojim.2018.81006
Abstract: Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections are involved in hospital long-stay and in the increase in inherent costs to patients care. Objectives: Objective was to describe the characteristics of healthcare-associated bacteremia and urinary tract infections in medical wards of CNHU-HKM of Cotonou, describe the distribution of germs identified according to admission wards and identify factors associated with onset of healthcare-associated infections. Materials and Methods: It was a cohort study conducted from 4th April to 16th September 2016. The study population included patients admitted in wards A and B of CNHU-HKM Medicine department for at least the past 48 hours, or readmitted in one of the medical wards less than 14 days after their discharge from hospital. Results: The study included 825 patients in total. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections was 9.8%. Bacteremia was the most represented group (65.4%). The most often identified germs regardless of the site were respectively: K. pneumonia (38.5%), S. aureus (23.1%) and E. coli (20.0%). HIV+ status, internal medicine department, nephrology and endocrinology, duration of admission and the use of urinary catheter represent factors statistically associated with the onset of healthcare-associated infections. Conclusion: Healthcare-associated infections are a real public health issue in CNHU-HKM Medicine Department. There is pressing need to conduct a study on clinical hygiene so as to assess healthcare staff in practice.
Antibiotic Prescription in the Neurology Department of the Brazzaville University Hospital (Congo): Effectiveness and Factors Associated with Treatment Failure  [PDF]
Ghislain Armel Mpandzou, Prince Eliot Galiéni Sounga Bandzouzi, Manon Melissa Gakosso, Dinah Happhia Motoula Latou, Josué Euberma Diatewa, Yacoub Kaba, Karen Lise Obondzo Aloba, Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet
World Journal of Neuroscience (WJNS) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2025.154022
Abstract: Introduction: The rational use of antibiotics is critical to curb antimicrobial resistance. In neurology, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are frequent and require optimized prescribing. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and identify factors associated with treatment failure in the neurology department of the Brazzaville University Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study (February-October 2024) included 115 adult patients with an infectious syndrome during hospitalization who received antibiotic therapy prescribed in the department. Sociodemographic, clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected prospectively. Treatment failure was defined as persistent fever or death. Variables with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 61.4 ± 14.5 years; sex ratio, 1.01. Stroke was the leading diagnosis (93.9%). Main infection sites were bronchopulmonary (52.7%) and urinary (35.5%). First-line therapy was mainly empirical (94.8%), most often ceftriaxone plus metronidazole (79.1%), with 64.4% effectiveness. Effectiveness was 77.8% for second-line, and 50% for third-line regimens. Independent predictors of first-line failure included unemployment (OR = 7.97; p < 0.001), absence of pathogen identification (OR = 5.01; p = 0.002), out-of-pharmacy purchase (OR = 2.18; p = 0.026), non-compliant to guidelines (OR = 4.55; p = 0.030), poor treatment adherence (OR = 7.20; p < 0.001), and comorbidities (OR = 2.05; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Antibiotic effectiveness in neurology is moderate, influenced by clinical, organizational, and socioeconomic factors. Strengthening guideline compliance, expanding access to microbiological testing, and reducing self-medication are essential to improve outcomes and limiting resistance.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Providers at the Public Health Establishment of Touba Ndamatou (Senegal) on Healthcare Associated Infections in 2024  [PDF]
Ibrahima Ndiaye, Mamadou Makhtar Mbacke Leye, Fatoumata Binetou Diongue, Oumar Bassoum, Serigne Fallou Wade, Maty Diagne, Amadou Ibra Diallo, Lamine Gaye, Adama Sow, Aldiouma Ba, Ibrahima Seck
Open Journal of Epidemiology (OJEpi) , 2025, DOI: 10.4236/ojepi.2025.154050
Abstract: Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a major public health challenge worldwide. Their prevalence is higher in developing countries, where inappropriate care practices are often blamed. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare staff at the Touba Ndamatou Public Health Establishment (PHE) regarding HAIs in 2024. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among health care staff at the Touba Ndamatou PHE in 2024. Participants were recruited exhaustively. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with R software version 4.2.2, including univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using a binomial logistic regression model. Adjusted Odds Ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were determined for each variable retained in the final model. Results: A total of 101 agents were surveyed. The majority were female (62.4%), and the majority were nurses (36.6%). The average age was 31. Only 10.9% of participants had good knowledge of HAIs; 39.6% had good attitudes and 47.5% had good practices. Knowledge was favored by physician status (aOR = 12.5 [2.22 - 33.3]), while attitude was improved by female gender (aOR = 3.55 [1.15 - 12.0]) and paramedic status (aOR = 4.45 [1.18 - 20.1]). Conclusion: The results reveal low levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HAIs prevention. Physicians showed better knowledge, while Allied health professionals were more inclined to adopt good attitudes. Ongoing training and clear protocols are needed to improve HAIs prevention.
Status of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Three Nephrology Departments in Dakar: A One-Year Prospective Multicenter Study  [PDF]
Alseny Mariame Camara, Mansour Mbengue, Fatoumata Kaba, Achref Ben Haj Younes, Ousmane Kaloussy, Serigne Fall, Mohamed Toure, Maria Faye, Ahmed Tall Lembrabott, El Haji Fary Ka, Abdou Niang
Open Journal of Nephrology (OJNeph) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2026.161016
Abstract: This prospective multicenter descriptive study reports the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and outcome profile of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in three nephrology departments in Dakar over 12 months. Among 1060 patients seen, 83 HAI cases with microbiological documentation were included, with most events occurring after 7 days of hospitalization and with urinary and hemodialysis catheters as frequent associated devices. Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus spp. predominated, with a high proportion of ESBL and MDR profiles, and outcomes were mainly favorable despite reported mortality.
Infec？？o relacionada com a presta？？o de cuidados de saúde: infec？？es da corrente sanguínea (septicemia)
Pina,Elaine; Silva,Maria Goreti; Silva,Eduardo Gomes da; Uva,António de Sousa;
Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública , 2010,
Abstract: healthcare related infections constitute a major public health problem although, in portugal, they have not been given high priority. this study was undertaken to describe and quantify hospital acquired infections and more specifically nosocomial bloodstream infections and the correspondent morbidity and mortality from the information obtained in prevalence and incidence studies conducted by the infection control project/national infection control programme. from the undertaken analysis performed we have observed an increase in bloodstream infections probably associated to the enhanced use of invasive devices. the design of the analyzed studies does not permit the identification of specific risk factors nor the analysis of related structures and practices adopted for the prevention of infections. although comparison with data from other european countries did not show significant differences, recent studies have shown that it is possible to achieve rates of 0% in catheter associated bloodstream infections. we therefore conclude that it is justified to undertake further research to address this problem in more detail so as to take steps for evidence-based interventions to obtain the 0% rates achieved by some institutions.
Neonatal and Young Infant Sepsis in a Regional Hospital in Ghana  [PDF]
Innocent Afeke, Misa Hirose, Kokou Hefoume Amegan-Aho, Christoph Haertel, Mareike Becker, Ahmed Moustafa, Paul Schilf, Mohamed Tarek Badr, Graceful Lord Mensah, Hintermann Kobina Mbroh, Jan Rupp, Saleh Ibrahim
Open Journal of Pediatrics (OJPed) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2021.112027
Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis is a global health problem that mainly affects low- and middle-income countries. We have previously shown that early neonatal mortality is high at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH) of Ghana. We sought to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, sepsis-related mortality, and bacterial species patterns in neonatal and young infant sepsis in this hospital. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted in the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from March to June 2018. Blood samples from 96 babies clinically diagnosed with or at risk of sepsis were cultured using the BACTEC 9050®？machine. Clinical data including gravida, parity and antibiotic medication before delivery of mother and delivery type, gestation, birth weight and antibiotic medication status were collected for analysis. MALDI-TOF MS identified bacterial isolates, and their identities were confirmed via tuf gene sequence typing. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Results: Blood cultures were positive in 28 of the babies, with 14 and 12 representing early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis, respectively, and two cases of unknown sepsis type. Of the bacterial species that caused sepsis in the babies, coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) was the most prevalent isolate in 22 cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in two and Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, the
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon  [PDF]
Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue, Farid Wega, Grace Yemina Kombeu, Cedric Seugnou Nana, Christiane Possi Kiyang, Lussabella Pohoko Medzam, Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum, Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua, Herman Koyouo Tagne, Mérimé Jo？l Tchinda Talokou, Yvonne Valérie Yolande Mavoungou, Ashu Michel Agbor
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology (OJMM) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2024.141004
Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and
Implementation of Robotic Hygiene System for Surveillance and Prevention of Hospital Infections in Non-Self-Sufficient Patients  [PDF]
Massimiliano Guastella, Linda Pasta, Andrea Cuvello, Mariano Frittitta
Open Journal of Nursing (OJN) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2024.1411041
Abstract: Background: Personal hygiene in non-self-sufficient patients is essential to prevent the proliferation and spread of bacteria from one patient to another, both through inanimate objects (fomites) and directly through healthcare workers. The first 1000 bed hygiene treatments performed by the collaborative robot “COPERNICO Surveillance & Prevention” in 229 non-self-sufficient patients were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 229 patients were included: 215 patients came from emergency contexts or home, and 14 from long-term care facilities; the presence of sepsis, venous or urinary catheters, non-invasive ventilation, bedsores, clinical condition at discharge, and treatment sessions performed were recorded. All patients were hospitalized in the Geriatrics, Medicine and Pneumology departments. The system is able to collect and process data in real time. Results: Seventy-one patients with community-acquired sepsis and fourteen with healthcare-associated infections were treated; sixty-two had pressure ulcers. The analysis of the first 1000 treatments shows the healing of almost all sepsis cases, positive evolution of pressure ulcers, and hospital stays comparable to those of the entire group of 1008 hospitalized in the same period. There was no onset of side effects or complications. Conclusions: Although the healthcare setting is not among those at greatest risk of infections, the clinical efficacy, along with excellent evaluations from patients, family members, and healthcare personnel and the absence of side effects and complications, makes the system exceptionally manageable and user-friendly for non-self-sufficient patients.
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