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Advances in Coffee Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization in Sierra Leone: A Monograph  [PDF]
Paul Musa Lahai, Edward Amara, Prince Emmanuel Norman, Abdulai Jalloh, Abdul Rahman Conteh
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/as.2026.177042
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an economically important cash and beverage crop that boosts many livelihoods in developing countries, including Sierra Leone. The country is making significant strides in the enhancement and utilization of the crop, particularly the native species Coffea stenophylla. However, dearth of well-articulated knowledge exists on the genetic improvement and utilization of the crop for desired end-user traits. This monograph presents the progress made in the genetic improvement, trait profiling, discovery of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes linked to desired traits of interests. Advances in breeding technologies and methodologies, as well as the availability of high-quality historical trial data, continue to drive improvements in coffee genotypes for desired end-user traits. Information from this review could be useful in designing future marker-based breeding and genetic conservation of coffee. The exploitation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) for improvement of coffee tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, priming strategies, combined utilization of high-throughput genotyping and high-throughput digital phenotyping, and assessment of long-term effects of plant domestication, pleiotropy and selective breeding for desired agronomic traits of coffee forms part of future work on the crop.
Assessing Current Sorghum Agronomic Practices and Production Constraints in the Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Ghana  [PDF]
Peter Akanfah Asodewine, Shirley Lamptey, Isaac Kwahene Addai, Abeku Tetteh
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2026, DOI: 10.4236/as.2026.172007
Abstract: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a vital staple grain for both food security and income for smallholder farmers in the five northern regions of Ghana. Despite its nutritional and economic importance, yields are still below 2.0 tonnes per hectare due to biotic and abiotic factors. This study evaluated the agronomic practices, production constraints, and research priorities for Sorghum among smallholder farmers in the Guinea and Sudan savannahs. The study used semi-structured questionnaires to interview 80 experienced Sorghum farmers in four communities (Natugnia and Manyoro in the Guinea savannah and Manga and Narango in the Sudan savannah). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were used for analysis. The results showed that males (72.5%) are the ones who manage the majority of Sorghum cultivation, with the majority of the farmers being married and between the ages of 30 and 39. While the adoption of improved varieties and crop rotation is limited and varied by community, the use of intercropping, organic fertilizers, no specific plant spacing, and weed control are commonly practiced. Positive correlations were found among practices such as pre-sowing seed treatment, crop rotation, soil conservation and residue management, and herbicide use. Poor soil fertility, inconsistent rainfall, and weed infestations were found to be the most significant production constraints. To increase Sorghum productivity, farmers prioritized research on poor soil fertility management (42.5%), climate adaptability (27.5%), and weed control (22.5%). The majority of respondents (87.5%) emphasized the importance of conducting research on sustainable farming practices. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that address soil fertility, climate resilience, and weed infestations, in addition to encouraging the adoption of improved agronomic practices, in order to increase Sorghum yields and ensure livelihoods in the Guinea and Sudan savannahs.
Cowpea Production Challenges and Contribution to Livelihood in Sub-Saharan Region  [PDF]
Lydia N. Horn, Selma N. Nghituwamhata, Ueitele Isabella
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/as.2022.131003
Abstract: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important grain legume mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions for vegetables, grains, and fodder. The crop is grown predominantly in the dry savannahs to the Sahel in the fringes of the Sahara Desert where the annual rainfall is around 300 mm or less. Cowpea provides shelter as a cover crop and improves soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Its grain is preferred for high levels of protein, energy, micro-and macronutrients. Cowpea belongs to the family Fabaceae and sub-family Faboidea, and it is a self-pollinating crop with low and narrow genetic diversity, making it susceptible to various environmental factors. Various research projects have been established on cowpea, and as a result, various cowpea germplasm is stored at Africa International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)—Nigeria, the USDA repository in Griffin, GA (USA), the University of California, Riverside, CA (USA), and at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in New Delhi, India. Despite the available germplasms, cowpea productivity remains very low in many countries due to a wide array of abiotic and biotic stresses and socio-economic constraints. This review summarizes some aspects of cowpea, including origin and history, challenges, economic importance, and constraints to production, providing possible useful information for cowpea researchers, agronomists, and producers in SSA.
Socio-Economic and Technical Characteristics of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ndé Division, West Region of Cameroon  [PDF]
David Fokom Wauffo, Geraud C. Tasse Taboue, Brenda M. Tsana Nantia, Gina France Djoumessi Tobou, Elvis Ndukong Ndzi, Abdou S. Nsangou, Mohamed M. F. Ndebé, Brice H. T. Fokouong, Frank D. K. Wouembe, Suzy G. Tsoupou Kuete, Kingsley M. Tanyi, Kingsley A. Etchu, Fernand Tendongkeng
Open Journal of Animal Sciences (OJAS) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2023.133028
Abstract: Insight is here provided into the socio-economic and technical characteristics of cattle production in the Ndé Division (West Cameroon region). Using a semi-structured questionnaire, information on the activity was assessed following onsite visits and interviewing breeders. Through a random sampling scheme, 110 breeders in the four subdivisions of the Ndé Division were shadowed. The majority (98.18%) of breeders were men aged 20 to 40 and married (91.82%). They belong to the Mbororo ethnic group, having cumulated more than 10 years in the activity. Most respondents (50.91%) did not attend school and earn their living mainly from livestock (78.18%). Cattle were raised for sale and to feed the breeder’s family (77.27%). The main mode of acquisition of animals was through inheritance (81.82%). The cattle breeds were mostly made up of white Fulani (70%), living in private farms using a combination of stake and barbed wires (67.27%) as fences. The combination of natural fodder and cooking salt was used by most breeders (59.09%) as a daily ration. Reproduction was by natural mating (97.07%). Parasites (internal and external) and foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases reported by the majority of farmers. Self-treatment (50%) was the main prophylactic measure taken by farmers in case of disease symptoms. Cattle herders faced several challenges, such as insufficient pasture (67.27%), agro-pastoral conflicts (76.36%) and diseases (90.91%). Cattle breeding
Avalia？？o de linhagens de feij？o-de-vagem para as regi？es Norte e Noroeste Fluminense
Francelino, Francisco Maurício Alves;Gravina, Geraldo de Amaral;Manh？es, Carmen Maria Coimbra;Cardoso, Poliane Marcele Ribeiro;Araújo, Lanusse Cordeiro de;
Revista Ciência Agron？mica , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S1806-66902011000200039
Abstract: the snap bean is a vegetable rich in fibers, proteins and vitamins. within of the breeding program of snap bean of universidade estadual do norte fluminense darcy ribeiro (uenf), selections were performed in f2 populations in the field, advancing to f5 by ssd method, in a greenhouse, selecting 30 promising lines in f6. continuing the program, the f7 generation was cultivated and evaluated in the field in campos dos goytacazes and in bom jesus do itabapoana. the characteristics evaluated were height of first pod insertion (apv), height of plants (ap), average number of pods per plant (nmv); average length of pods (cmv), average weight of grains per pod (pmgv); fiber content in pod (fib), pod productivity per hectare (prodvagens) and grains productivity per hectare (prodgr？os). there has no interaction genotype x environment (local) for the characteristic fiber content in pod, indicating that this is very stable environments studied. the scott-knot test formed three groups as to fiber content in fresh pods. there was significative effect of genotypes for all characteristics considered, except for the nmvp. the accesses uenf 7-20-1, uenf 7-5-1, uenf 14-22-3, uenf 15-8-4, uenf 1445, top seed blue line, feltrin, uenf 14-16-3, uenf 7-10-1, uenf 14-6-3 and uenf 15-23-4 were respectively the most productive, with yields from 20,052 to 15,873 mg ha-1 of pods and in grains yield (2,693 to 2,014 mg ha-1). the characteristic most correlated with the yield of pods and grain was nmvp followed by cmv.
Predi？？o de ganho genético com diferentes índices de sele？？o no milho pipoca CMS-43
Granate, Maria José;Cruz, Cosme Dami？o;Pacheco, Cleso Ant？nio Patto;
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira , 2002, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2002000700014
Abstract: simultaneous breeding for expansion volume and grain yield in popcorn (zea mays l.) is difficult because of negative correlation between these traits. the use of selection indexes allows to overcome this difficulty. in 1997/1998, at embrapa-centro nacional de pesquisa de milho e sorgo, in sete lagoas, mg, brazil,166 half-sib families from cms-43 popcorn were evaluated, using random blocks design. the selection indexes used were smith and hazel, pesek & baker, elston and williams. the selection index of smith and hazel allowed larger predicted gains in more traits, and on the contrary, the prediction using the selection index of williams was insignificant. the use of selection indexes allows simultaneous prediction of gains in the two main traits.
Performance of food-type soybean genotypes and their possibility for adaptation to Brazilian latitudes
Guerra, Edson Perez;Destro, Deonisio;Miranda, Lilian Azevedo;Montalván, Ricardo;
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira , 1999, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X1999000400008
Abstract: this work was conducted at the universidade estadual de londrina (uel), in londrina, state of paraná, brazil, with the goal to study food-type soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill) genotypes performance for use in cultivation or crosses. a total of 104 genotypes were analyzed: 88 were food-type with large seeds, eight were food-type with small seeds, and eight-grain types adapted cultivars. the experimental plan was in randomized complete block design with four replications, and 12 traits of agronomic importance were considered. genetic diversity was observed in the food-type germplasm. there were some genotypes with high yield adapted to a normal period of sowing. soybean genetic improvement programs for direct human consumption in brazil, either by means of asiatic pure lines or by means of the incorporation of genes for late flowering in short-day conditions in this lines is highly viable.
QTL Detection for Agronomic Traits in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Carmen Maria Avila,Zlatko ？atovi？,Josefa Carmen Sillero,Salvador Nadal
Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus (ACS) , 2005,
Abstract: Complex agronomic traits are normally under polygenic control. The traits evaluated in faba bean in the present study may be grouped into three main categories: floral characters, yield distribution and yield characters, according to other authors. A F2 population derived from the cross 29H x Vf 136 was used for QTLs analysis. A total of 15 QTLs were detected for 8 out of 10 traits evaluated. The analysis detected 2, 5 and 8 QTLs for floral characters, yield distribution traits and yield characters, respectively. QTLs for different traits co-localized in three regions of the map located in linkage groups 3, 4 and 13, which suggests the existence of common pleiotropic genes for the control of these traits. Alternatively, these regions might be hot-spots QTLs, i.e. chromosomic regions with several QTLs controlling different traits as reported for several organisms.The present work constitutes a first step towards the identification of molecular markers for agronomic traits, some of them yield related, in faba bean. After validation, the putative QTLs detected in this work will provide valuable tools for pyramiding QTLs of all these traits in a faba bean breeding program.
QTL Detection for Agronomic Traits in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Avila, Carmen Maria,Moreno, Maria Teresa,Nadal, Salvador,Rubiales, Diego,Sillero, Josefa Carmen,Torres, Ana Maria,？atovi？, Zlatko
- , 2005,
Abstract: Sa？etak Complex agronomic traits are normally under polygenic control. The traits evaluated in faba bean in the present study may be grouped into three main categories: floral characters, yield distribution and yield characters, according to other authors. A F2 population derived from the cross 29H x Vf 136 was used for QTLs analysis. A total of 15 QTLs were detected for 8 out of 10 traits evaluated. The analysis detected 2, 5 and 8 QTLs for floral characters, yield distribution traits and yield characters, respectively. QTLs for different traits co-localized in three regions of the map located in linkage groups 3, 4 and 13, which suggests the existence of common pleiotropic genes for the control of these traits. Alternatively, these regions might be hot-spots QTLs, i.e. chromosomic regions with several QTLs controlling different traits as reported for several organisms. The present work constitutes a first step towards the identification of molecular markers for agronomic traits, some of them yield related, in faba bean. After validation, the putative QTLs detected in this work will provide valuable tools for pyramiding QTLs of all these traits in a faba bean breeding program
Analysis of Genetic and Biogeography Diversity of Korean Indigenous Wild Rocambole (Allium monanthum Max)  [PDF]
Gihwan Yi, Kyung-Min Kim
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.45130
Abstract:

This study was conducted to obtain baseline data describing Allium monanthum Max. for breeding an elite cultivar. A. monanthum has recently become popular vegetable in Korea owing to its unique flavors and nutraceutical effects. The agronomic traits of 271 accessions of A. monanthum collected throughout Korea were evaluated in this study. Leaf width showed the greatest variation (0.1 to 25 mm) among traits evaluated, followed by leaf sheath length and number of cormlets. The average leaf sheath length and diameter, which are commonly used to evaluate quality in the market, were 1.29 cm and 0.3 cm. Some superior accessions had a leaf sheath length of >10 cm and diameter of >1.1 cm. The average weight of the cormlets ranged from 1 to 2 g; however, one accession weighed more than 4 g. The genetic diversity of A. monanthum calculated based on morphology and molecular distance was greater in Jeolla and Gyeoungsang provinces than Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces. Finally, seven elite accessions of A. monanthum were selected owing to their potential usefulness in future breeding projects.

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