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糖尿病肾病早期诊断应用生化检验的临床效果观察
吉金丽，山西医科大学第一医院 医学检验科，山西太原，030009
中外临床医学 , DOI: 10.12479/questpress-zwlcyx.20250211
Abstract: 目的 探究在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中，生化检验的应用价值，以期指导后续诊断工作。方法 主要筛选我院在2023 年10 月-2024 年10 月期间糖尿病肾病患者70 例，将上述相关数据指标纳入研究组。选取该时间段内，入院进行健康体检的70 例受检者与之进行对比，数据纳入对照组。上述样本均实施生化检验，对以上受检者的各指标水平进行对比，评估该措施的诊断效果。结果 通过对血液生化指标状况进行分析，相关指标差异显示糖尿病肾病患者与健康者的差异较大，研究组、对照组存在统计学对比价值（P<0.05）；研究组患者尿液生化检查结果显示各指标水平均高于对照组健康体检者，统计学对比有意义（P<0.05）。结论 生化检验的诊断价值高，通过对患者血液及尿液生化指标状况进行评估，可以实现疾病健康的有效评估，对后续针对性治疗的指导价值高，应用价值显著。
早期糖尿病肾病患者血液中生化指标的研究进展
Research Progress of Blood Biochemical Indicators in Patients with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease  [PDF]
路会会, 张惠莉
Advances in Clinical Medicine (ACM) , 2022, DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2022.125563
Abstract: 糖尿病肾脏疾病(Diabetic kidney disease, DKD)是糖尿病患者主要的并发症之一。目前临床检查糖尿病肾病的指标以尿素氮、尿微量白蛋白和肌酐为主，当病情进展到一定程度时才能检测到指标异常，因此无法满足及时诊断糖尿病肾病的需要，且无法客观全面地评估患者肾脏的功能状态。故本文通过检索国内外文献就近些年来有关DKD早期诊断的几个指标的研究进展进行系统综述，并为临床上DKD的早期诊断提供一定的参考价值。
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major complications in diabetic patients. At present, the indicators for clinical examination of diabetic kidney disease are mainly urea nitrogen, urinary al-bumin and creatinine. When the disease reaches a certain level, it can detect abnormal indicators, but it cannot meet the needs of timely diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease, and cannot objectively and comprehensively evaluate the renal function of patients. Therefore, by searching the literature at home and abroad, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress of several indexes related to the early diagnosis of DKD in recent years, and provides a certain reference value for the early diagnosis of DKD in clinic.
探究生化检验和尿常规检验对糖尿病诊断 的价值
Exploration of the Value of Biochemical Test and Routine Urine Test in the Diagnosis of Diabetes  [PDF]
崔婷, 李梦
Advances in Clinical Medicine (ACM) , 2026, DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1662194
Abstract: 目的：比较并评价生化检验空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hrPPG)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)与尿常规检验尿糖(GLU)单独及联合应用在糖尿病诊断中的价值。方法：选取2024年1月~2026年2月就诊的疑似糖尿病患者48例，依据临床综合诊断分为糖尿病组(26例)和非糖尿病组(22例)。所有受试者均接受空腹静脉血采集(检测FBG、GHb)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(检测2hrPPG)及晨尿留取(检测GLU)。生化指标采用己糖激酶法(FBG, 2hrPPG)和高效液相色谱法(GHb)检测，GLU采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测。以临床综合诊断为金标准，计算并比较生化检验、尿常规检验单独及联合检测的诊断效能指标。结果：糖尿病组FBG、2hrPPG、GLU、GHb水平均显著高于非糖尿病组，组间差异具有高度统计学意义(P < 0.05)；以临床综合诊断为金标准，生化检验与尿常规联合检测检出真阳性25例、假阳性2例、假阴性1例、真阴性21例，对应灵敏度为96.15%，特异度为95.45%，准确度为95.83%，阳性预测值为96.15%，阴性预测值为95.45%，显著高于单项检测(P < 0.05)。结论：生化检验与尿常规检验联合应用可显著提高糖尿病筛查的灵敏度、特异度和诊断准确率，其综合诊断效能优于任何单项检测，推荐作为临床初筛的优化策略。
Objective: To compare and evaluate the individual and combined value of biochemical examination of fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (2hrPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and routine urine examination of urine glucose (GLU) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: 48 patients with suspected diabetes from January 2024 to February 2026 were selected and divided into diabetes group (26 cases) and non-diabetes group (22 cases) according to clinical comprehensive diagnosis. All subjects underwent fasting venous blood collection (detection of FBG, GHb), oral glucose tolerance test (detection of 2hrPPG), and morning urine retention (detection of GLU). Biochemical indicators were detected using the hexokinase method (FBG, 2hrPPG) and high-performance liquid chromatography (GHb), while GLU was detected using the glucose oxidase method. Using clinical comprehensive diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy indicators of biochemical tests, routine urine tests alone and in combination were calculated and compared. Results: The levels of FBG, 2hrPPG, GLU and GHb in the diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetes group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Using clinical comprehensive diagnosis as the gold standard, the combined detection of biochemical tests and routine urine tests detected 25 true positives, 2 false positives, 1 false negative, and 21 true negatives. The corresponding sensitivity was 96.15%, specificity was 95.45%, accuracy was 95.83%, positive predictive value was 96.15%, and negative predictive value was 95.45%, significantly higher than single detection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of biochemical test and routine urine test can significantly improve the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of diabetes screening, and its
生化检验在肝、肾和糖尿病治疗方面的应用研究进展
Progress in the Application of Biochemical Tests in the Treatment of Liver, Kidney and Diabetes  [PDF]
曾雨
Advances in Clinical Medicine (ACM) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/acm.2024.1472022
Abstract: 生化检验是一种常见的、有效的临床医学检验方法，通过检验能够提供关于肝脏、肾脏、心脏、内分泌系统等器官功能的重要信息，以及血糖、血脂、电解质等生化指标的数据，对于疾病的诊断、治疗和预后评估在临床诊治中有着不可替代的作用。生化检验包括普通生化检验、特殊生化检验和急诊生化检验。本文对生化检验，以及生化检验结合其它检验手段在肝肾功能及其它疾病治疗方面的应用价值进行了综述，引用文献28篇。
Biochemical examination is a common and effective clinical medical examination method, which can provide important information about the functions of liver, kidney, heart, endocrine system and other organs, as well as the data of biochemical indicators such as blood sugar, blood lipids, electrolytes and so on. It plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of diseases in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Biochemical examination includes general biochemical examination, special biochemical examination and emergency biochemical examination. In this paper, the application value of biochemical test combined with other test methods in the treatment of liver and kidney function and other diseases was reviewed by citing 28 articles.
孕早期血生化指标预测妊娠期糖尿病的研究进展
Research Progress on Blood Biochemical In-dexes in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Predicting Gestational Diabetes  [PDF]
宋玉洁, 朱启英
Advances in Clinical Medicine (ACM) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2024.141270
Abstract: 妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病率高，且对母儿近期及远期健康均可造成不良影响。因此，早期发现GDM高危孕妇，尽早进行临床干预，对改善母婴预后至关重要。目前研究发现，多种血生化指标在孕早期与GDM的发生风险增加有关，包括糖类指标、血脂指标、脂肪因子、炎症因子等。本文对孕早期血生化指标预测GDM的研究进展进行综述，为建立合理的GDM孕早期预测模型提供依据。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has a high incidence and can adversely affect the health of both mother and child in the near and long term. Therefore, early detection of pregnant women at high risk of GDM and early clinical intervention are crucial to improve maternal and infant prognosis. At present, studies have found that a variety of blood biochemical indicators are associated with an in-creased risk of GDM in the first trimester, including carbohydrate indexes, blood lipid indicators, adipokines, inflammatory factors, etc. This article reviews the research progress of blood biochemi-cal indicators in the first trimester of pregnancy in predicting GDM, so as to provide a basis for the establishment of a reasonable prediction model of GDM in the first trimester.
消糖饼干的研制
习红,冯兴云,强松茂,胡绍文,李敏
食品科学 , 1985,
Abstract: ？消糖饼干是糖尿病患者的辅助疗效食品,其配方是根据患者的营养要求设计而成,并采用饼干的制作工艺而生产的。经有关教授、专家、和科学技术人员鉴定,认为配方设计合理;临床实验、食品测定、工艺技术合理、准确、严密;临床观察细微,数据可靠。根据临床观察,血糖稳定,血脂有下降趋势,也有提高血中高密度脂蛋白和血浆白蛋白的作用,对糖尿病的饮食治疗有一定实用价值。
基因组学在糖尿病肾病生物标志物应用中的研究进展
Advances in the Use of Genomics as a Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy  [PDF]
彭如雪, 沈阿牛, 李佳琪, 高弼虎
Advances in Clinical Medicine (ACM) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/acm.2024.14123112
Abstract: 糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease, DKD)是糖尿病最普遍的合并症，同时也是终末期肾病的主要原因，已成为全球公共卫生问题。DKD的发病机制复杂，现有临床诊断指标存在不足，因而挖掘DKD新型生物标志物具有重要意义。本文基于基因组学技术的综合分析，从糖尿病肾病诊断预测和治疗靶点两个方面出发，对基因组学在糖尿病肾病生物标志物研究中的应用进行综述。
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which has become a global public health problem. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex, and the existing clinical diagnostic indexes are insufficient, so it is of great significance to explore the novel biomarkers of DKD. Based on the comprehensive analysis of genomics technology, this paper reviews the application of genomics in the study of biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease from the aspects of diagnostic prediction and therapeutic targets of diabetic kidney disease.
血清蛋白电泳(α2+β)/Alb比值联合胱抑素C在糖尿病肾脏疾病早期诊断中的临床价值
徐华,陈佳
- , 2019, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004583X.2019.09.011
Abstract: 目的 探讨血清蛋白电泳(α2+β)/白蛋白（Alb）比值在糖尿病肾脏疾病早期筛查中的应用及其联合血清胱抑素C(CysC)对糖尿病肾脏疾病早期诊断的临床价值。方法 选取2016年1月至2017年7月在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者70例，根据尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(ACR)分为正常白蛋白尿组、早期糖尿病肾脏疾病组各35例，选取同期健康体检人员35例为对照组。比较各实验组血清蛋白电泳图谱、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血清肌酐（CREA）、α1微球蛋白（α1MG）、β2微球蛋白(β2MG)、CysC水平及血清蛋白电泳(α2+β)/Alb比值，并应用ROC曲线评估各指标诊断价值。结果 随着糖尿病患者的尿ACR水平增高，血清蛋白电泳图谱发生明显改变，(α2+β)/ Alb比值在各实验组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。ROC曲线分析显示，(α2+β)/ Alb在区分早期糖尿病肾脏疾病与对照组、正常白蛋白尿组的AUC为0.860，Cutoff值为0.32时，灵敏度91.4%，特异度75.7%，优于eGFR、CREA、α1MG、β2MG、CysC；联合(α2+β)/ Alb与CysC对糖尿病肾脏疾病早期诊断的AUC为0.911，灵敏度91.4%，特异度82.9%，诊断价值值得肯定。结论 糖尿病肾脏疾病早期血清蛋白组份已发生改变，(α2+β)/Alb比值对糖尿病肾脏疾病的早期筛检具有一定的临床意义，联合CysC有助于糖尿病肾脏疾病的早期诊断
山羊尿石症发生过程中血液及尿液生化变化的动态研究
孙卫东,王金勇,俞向前,王小龙
南京农业大学学报 , 2009, DOI: 10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2009.04.023
Abstract: 应用棉饼稻草日粮饲喂18只阉割公山羊,在其饮水中添加氧化镁时,对成功诱发尿石症的6只山羊血液及尿液生化变化特点进行研究。试验分4个时期预试结束时为Ⅰ期,正式试验的第15～60天为Ⅱ期,尿闭发生初期为Ⅲ期,尿闭发生后2～5d为Ⅳ期。结果表明山羊采食棉饼稻草日粮后,尿沉渣晶体和结石的主要成分为磷酸铵镁和磷酸钾镁。Ⅱ期血浆尿素水平较Ⅰ期显著升高,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆肌酐水平较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值在Ⅱ期显著升高);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆尿素与肌酐含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值显著降低;尿蛋白在Ⅱ期明显升高,在Ⅲ期显著减低,但在Ⅳ期又急剧升高。血液磷、镁、钾含量在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高;在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血钾、镁含量显著升高,血液无机磷、钠、氯含量显著降低。Ⅱ期尿液无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量较Ⅰ期显著降低,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期尿磷、镁、钾、铵含量进一步降低,尿钙含量显著降低。结论山羊磷酸铵(钾)镁尿石症尿闭出现后出现氮质血症,高钾、低磷、低钠、低氯血症以及肾机能不全,且随尿闭的持续而加重。尿液中无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量因参与晶体及结石形成而降低。
燃煤砷污染区人群血、尿生化指标检测分析
罗鹏,张爱华,于春,魏绍峰,赵转地,张碧霞,黄晓欣
中国公共卫生 , 2009, DOI: 10.11847/zgggws2009-25-11-45
Abstract: ？目的检测并分析燃煤砷污染区人群血、尿生化参数的变化特点,为砷对人体健康危害及早期防治提供参考依据。方法采用生物化学法检测贵州省兴仁县燃煤砷污染区185名砷接触者和65名对照者31项血、尿生化参数。结果血液系统18项参数中,砷暴露者红细胞(4.09±0.73)×1012/L、血红蛋白(122.35±23.54)g/L、红细胞压积(35.85±7.09)%和血小板平均体积(1.02±0.14)g/L明显降低;平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(351.38±12.15)g/L明显升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肝肾功能13项血、尿生化参数中,血肌酐(134.14±51.73)μmol/L、尿胆红素阳性率15.2%,尿白细胞阳性率17.9%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论燃煤砷污染对人体血液系统和肝肾功能有一定影响,定期选择性检测本实验筛检出的异常指标并结合反映肝肾早期损害的敏感指标谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG),有助于早期发现和了解砷所致的血液系统和肝肾功能损害。
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