欧盟对华电动汽车实行反补贴的影响及建议
The Impact of EU Countervailing on Electric Vehicles in China and Suggestions

自2015年起，新能源汽车在中国总体汽车出口中占比与日俱增，其中，电动汽车是新能源汽车出口增长的主力军，而欧洲又是中国主要出口目的国。由于出口量较大、出口密集度较高，为了保护本土产业，打压中国电动汽车出口，2023年欧盟对中国电动汽车启动了反补贴调查。在此背景下，本文梳理了中国电动汽车出口现状，总结了欧盟对华电动汽车实行反补贴的历史背景、事件过程，通过运用经济理论分析欧盟实行反补贴措施对双方生产者、消费者、政府及社会整体福利水平的影响，得出欧盟反补贴措施弊大于利和“负和博弈”的结论，提出了现阶段中国汽车行业如何应对该项反补贴措施的建议。
Since 2015, the proportion of new energy vehicles in China’s overall automobile exports has been increasing day by day. Among them, electric vehicles are the main force driving the growth of new energy vehicle exports, and Europe is China’s main export destination. Due to the large export volume and high export intensity, in order to protect local industries and suppress China’s electric vehicle exports, the European Union launched a countervailing investigation into Chinese electric vehicles in 2023. In this context, this article reviews the current situation of China’s electric vehicle exports, summarizes the historical background and event process of the EU’s anti subsidy measures against China’s electric vehicles, and analyzes the impact of the EU’s anti subsidy measures on the welfare levels of producers, consumers, governments, and society as a whole using economic theory. The conclusion is drawn that the disadvantages of the EU’s anti subsidy measures outweigh the advantages and the “negative sum game”, and suggestions are put forward on how the Chinese automotive industry should respond to this anti subsidy measure at the current stage.