中国用能权交易对新能源技术国际转移的影响分析
Analysis of the Impact of China’s Energy Use Rights Trading on the International Transfer of New Energy Technologies

新能源技术知识的国际转移与大规模采用是推动能源转型、促进经济持续增长的重要途径。而用能权交易制度作为我国绿色发展理念实践中的一种创新性国际经贸政策，对于构建“国内国际双循环”新发展格局具有重要的意义，但对新能源技术国际转移的作用研究尚未开展。因此，文章以用能权交易试点作为切入点，基于全国256个地级市的面板数据，以专利信息反映新能源技术国际转移，采用双重差分法实证检验用能权交易制度对新能源技术国际转移的影响。研究发现：用能权交易制度能够在总体上有效促进新能源技术国际转移，且对国内外技术转移均产生显著影响。进一步的分析发现，能源结构调整，能源利用效率和市场化水平均有助于强化城市试点政策的促进作用。同时，试点城市的工业基础和能源禀赋等因素会影响政策效果的异质性。基于上述研究成果，我们认为在用能权交易市场建设过程中，要及时总结试点经验，加强促进新能源技术转移的国际协调，主动消除要素流动的国际贸易壁垒，以形成促进新能源技术国际转移的政策合力。
The international transfer and large-scale adoption of new energy technology knowledge are important ways to promote energy transformation and facilitate sustained economic growth. As an innovative international economic and trade policy in the practice of China’s green development concept, the energy use rights trading system is of great significance for constructing a new development pattern of “dual circulation at home and abroad”. However, the research on its impact on the international transfer of new energy technologies has not been carried out yet. Therefore, taking the energy use rights trading pilot as a breakthrough point, based on the panel data of 256 prefecture-level cities across the country, this paper uses patent information to reflect the international transfer of new energy technologies and adopts the difference-in-differences method to empirically test the impact of the energy use rights trading system on the international transfer of new energy technologies. The study finds that the energy use rights trading system can effectively promote the international transfer of new energy technologies in general, and has a significant impact on both domestic and international technology transfers. Further analysis reveals that the adjustment of the energy structure, energy utilization efficiency, and the level of marketization all contribute to strengthening the promoting effect of the urban pilot policy. At the same time, factors such as the industrial base and energy endowment of the pilot cities will affect the heterogeneity of the policy effects. Based on the above research results, it is believed that in the process of building the energy use rights trading market, it is necessary to promptly summarize the pilot experience, strengthen international coordination to promote the transfer of new energy technologies, and actively eliminate international trade barriers to factor flows, so as to form a policy synergy to promote the international transfer of new energy technologies.