中国省域新质生产力水平评价及影响因素研究
Research on the Evaluation of New Quality Productive Forces Level and Influencing Factors in China’s Provinces

本文从新质劳动者、新质劳动资料和新质劳动对象三个层面构建新质生产力指标体系，以2011~2022年中国省级面板数据为样本，利用熵权法测算新质生产力水平，并运用Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法、Kernel密度估计法探究其地区差异及非均衡性；最后，从内源和外源视角探讨我国新质生产力的影响因素。结果表明：(1) 我国新质生产力水平呈现上升态势，但整体水平不高，各构成要素发展稳步增长，其中新质劳动资料和新质劳动对象表现较好。(2) 我国新质生产力水平存在明显的区域不平衡，呈现东部 > 中部 > 西部的阶梯分布特征，其区域差异主要来源于区域间差异，整体呈上升趋势。(3) 全国及三大地区新质生产力水平非均衡性整体呈上升趋势，中部表现出两极分化特征。(4) 从影响因素来看，成本压力、环境规制、政府干预是促进新质生产力水平提升的关键因素。
This paper constructs an evaluation index system of China’s new quality productivity level from three levels: new quality workers, new quality labor materials and new quality labor objects. Taking China’s provincial panel data from 2011 to 2022 as a sample, the entropy weight method is used to measure the level of China’s new quality productivity, and explores the regional differences and non-equilibrium by using the Dagum’s Gini coefficient and its decomposition method and the Kernel density estimation method. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of China’s new productivity from the perspective of endogenous and exogenous factors. The results show that (1) the level of new quality productivity in China is on the rise, but the level of new quality productivity is not high; new labor materials and new labor objects perform well; (2) there is an obvious regional imbalance in the level of new quality productivity in China, showing the ladder distribution characteristics of east > central > west, with its regional differences mainly originating from inter-regional differences, and the overall trend is on the rise; (3) the overall non-equilibrium of the new quality productivity level in the whole country and the three major regions is on the rise, and the central region shows the characteristics of polarization; (4) in terms of influencing factors, cost pressure, environmental regulation and government intervention are the key factors to promote the level of new productivity.