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自我效能感的多维影响因素综合讨论
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Abstract:
自我效能感作为个体对自身完成特定任务能力的信念，对心理健康、学业成就及职业发展等领域具有重要影响。本文基于班杜拉的社会认知理论，系统梳理了自我效能感的多维度影响因素。研究发现，个体内部因素(如成功经验、身心状态及性别差异)、社会与环境因素(如社会支持、阶层背景及亲社会行为)、情境因素(如社会劝导与替代性经验)以及动机与目标取向(如挑战性目标与自主动机)共同塑造自我效能感的形成与发展。未来研究可进一步探讨文化差异、纵向发展规律以及干预措施，以促进个体的心理健康和职业发展。
Self-efficacy, as an individual’s belief in his or her ability to accomplish a specific task, has an important impact on the domains of mental health, academic achievement, and career development. Based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, this paper systematically investigates the multidimensional influences on self-efficacy. It was found that intra-individual factors (e.g., success experience, physical and mental state, and gender differences), social and environmental factors (e.g., social support, class background, and pro-social behavior), situational factors (e.g., social persuasion and alternative experiences), and motivation and goal orientation (e.g., challenging goals and autonomous motivation) jointly shaped the formation and development of self-efficacy. Future research could further explore cultural differences, longitudinal patterns of development, and interventions to promote individuals’ psychological well-being and career development.
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