德国木刻版画的现代复兴
The Modern Revival of German Woodcut Prints

早期德国版画主要用于文本插图，但到了16世纪，新教为版画带来了题材更新，如风景和肖像。尽管19世纪印刷文化使版画走进商业领域，但仍未成为一门独立艺术。随着20世纪初民族主义的抬头，德国艺术家开始重新探讨具有民族特色的艺术形式，版画的价值得到了重审。学者们将木刻版画视为中世纪末期北欧艺术的民族发明，并将其与德国民族性格和文化联系了起来。表现主义艺术家们则利用版画作为社会再生和艺术复兴的工具，形成了具有现代特征的民族艺术。
Early German prints were used primarily for textual illustration, but in the 16th century Protestantism brought new subjects to printmaking, such as landscapes and portraits. Although print culture brought printmaking into the commercial realm in the 19th century, it was still not an independent art. With the rise of nationalism at the beginning of the 20th century, the value of printmaking was revisited, and German artists began to re-examine nationally distinctive art forms. Scholars viewed woodblock prints as a national invention of late medieval Scandinavian art and associated them with German national character and culture. Expressionist artists, on the other hand, used printmaking as a tool for social and artistic revival, resulting in a national art with a modern character.