研发费用加计扣除促进外贸高质量发展了吗？——基于制造业出口技术复杂度的证据
Does the Super Deduction of R&D Expenses Promote the High-Quality Development of Foreign Trade?—Evidence Based on the Technological Complexity of Manufacturing Exports

文章以2012~2022年制造业A股上市公司的数据为样本，探讨了研发费用加计扣除政策对外贸高质量发展的作用效应及其作用机制。研究发现：研发费用加计扣除政策对外贸高质量发展具有正向作用，这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立；政策通过“降成本–促创新–提质量–拓市场”的传导路径，最终为外贸高质量发展提供了系统性支撑；但政策效果存在异质性，东部和中部地区、技术密集型和资产密集型企业、成长期企业受益更显著。
This article uses data from manufacturing A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022 as a sample to investigate the impact and mechanism of the R&D expense super deduction policy on high-quality foreign trade development. The study finds that the R&D expense super deduction policy has a positive effect on high-quality foreign trade development, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of robustness tests. The policy exerts its influence through a transmission path of “cost reduction-innovation promotion-quality improvement-market expansion,” ultimately providing systematic support for high-quality foreign trade development. However, the effectiveness of the policy varies across different groups: regions (eastern and central areas), industries (technology-intensive and capital-intensive firms), and firm life cycle stages (growth-stage firms) benefit more significantly.