电商平台经营者法律责任的治理研究
A Study on the Governance of Legal Liability of E-Commerce Platform Operators

随着数字经济的快速发展，电子商务的复杂性和创新性也引发诸多法律挑战，平台经营者的角色定位、责任承担、责任制度的不足与完善等问题受到法学界的关注。通过系统分析电商平台经营者的多元角色(交易提供者、规则制定者、管理者及参与者)，探讨其在不同场景下的责任正当性，分析总结平台经营者对用户数据安全、消费者权益及知识产权保护的责任。研究发现，现行平台经营者的责任制度下存在规则模糊、知识产权保护机制失衡、消费者举证困难等不足。为此，提出立法层面需明确“相应的责任”的具体适用情形，优化举证规则以降低消费者维权成本；同时倡导构建政府、平台、行业协会协同治理机制，完善数据共享与信用评级制度，以推动电子商务市场的规范化与健康发展。
The rapid growth of the digital economy has amplified the complexity and innovation of e-commerce, giving rise to significant legal challenges. Issues such as the role definition of platform operators, liability allocation, and the inadequacies of existing liability frameworks have garnered substantial attention in legal scholarship. This study systematically examines the multifaceted roles of e-commerce platform operators, as transaction facilitators, rule-makers, managers, and participants, and evaluates the legitimacy of their responsibilities across diverse scenarios. It further analyzes their obligations to safeguard user data security, consumer rights, and intellectual property. The research identifies critical flaws in the current liability system, including ambiguous regulatory standards, imbalanced intellectual property protection mechanisms, and difficulties faced by consumers in providing evidence. To address these gaps, the study proposes legislative clarifications for the application of “corresponding liabilities,” reforms to evidence rules to alleviate consumer litigation costs, and the establishment of a tripartite governance model involving governments, platforms, and industry associations. Additionally, it advocates for enhanced data-sharing protocols and credit evaluation systems to foster a standardized and sustainable e-commerce ecosystem.