循环经济下电商包装废弃物污染防治法律研究
Legal Approaches to E-Commerce Packaging Waste Pollution Mitigation within Circular Economy Systems

随着电商经济高速发展，包装废弃物引发的环境污染问题日益严峻。本文以循环经济理念为指引，聚焦电商包装全生命周期中的法律治理困境，揭示现行制度中责任主体界定模糊、回收机制松散、环境成本外化等核心问题。研究提出“共同而有区别”责任框架，主张通过公法层面的生产者责任延伸制度、销售者绿色义务强化、消费者分类回收约束，以及私法领域的合同编义务扩展与危险包装强制回收规则，构建多元主体协同治理体系。同时强调环境税、信用评价等市场化工具与法律强制手段的衔接，推动环境成本内化。研究为完善电商包装污染防治法律体系提供理论支撑，并为实现绿色消费转型与生态文明建设目标提出制度优化路径。
With the rapid development of e-commerce, the environmental pollution caused by packaging waste has become increasingly severe. Guided by the concept of circular economy, this study focuses on the legal governance challenges throughout the lifecycle of e-commerce packaging, revealing systemic issues such as ambiguous responsibility allocation, fragmented recycling mechanisms, and externalized environmental costs. The research proposes a “common but differentiated responsibility” framework, advocating for a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance system. This includes extending producer responsibility under public law, strengthening green obligations for sellers, imposing classified recycling constraints on consumers, and expanding contractual obligations under private law with mandatory hazardous packaging recycling rules. The study also emphasizes the integration of market-oriented tools such as environmental taxes and credit evaluation systems with legal enforcement mechanisms to internalize environmental costs. The findings provide theoretical support for improving the legal framework for e-commerce packaging pollution prevention and propose institutional optimization pathways for achieving green consumption transformation and ecological civilization goals.