This paper comprehensively assesses Afghanistan’s National Development Strategy (ANDS) in the context of the country’s historical development planning and challenges. The ANDS, initiated in 2005 and revised in 2008, marks the seventh attempt at planned development in Afghanistan’s history, following decades of conflict and war. Utilizing a mixed method approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study employs the Holistic Performance Assessment-5 model to evaluate the effectiveness, responsiveness, and equity of the ANDS. Findings from the assessment reveal a complex landscape of achievements and shortcomings in various areas, including poverty eradication, service accessibility, equity distribution, and the rate of literacy from 28% in 2005 to 45% in 2014. While the ANDS made progress in implementing 66% of projects and programs, challenges such as lack of data, limited experience in policy implementation, and stakeholder engagement gaps were identified as impediments to its success. The public dissatisfaction increased to 40%, and they believed the country was going in the wrong direction. International assistance played a significant role in funding development initiatives, highlighting the importance of external support in Afghanistan’s development efforts. Moving forward, the paper emphasizes the need for Afghanistan to build on the successes of the ANDS, address identified shortcomings, and adapt strategies to meet evolving societal needs. By learning from experiences, enhancing data collection capabilities, and fostering greater collaboration among stakeholders, Afghanistan can strive towards sustainable development and stability. The study underscores the importance of a comprehensive and inclusive approach to planning and implementation to realize Afghanistan’s development goals and improve the well-being of its population.
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