类型化视角下刷单炒信行为刑法规制研究
Research on Criminal Law Regulation of the Behavior of Brushing Orders and Inflating Credit Ratings from the Perspective of Typology

随着电商快速发展，刷单炒信现象日益严重，影响电商产业的正常运营与竞争秩序。当前民事、行政以及行业规范显示出对刷单炒信行为规制的疲态，因此有必要以刑法对该行为进行规制。针对刷单炒信行为，从类型化角度分析，可将其划分为行为与目的两大环节。在行为环节，构建刷单平台不应以非法经营罪论处，而应纳入非法利用计算机网络罪的范畴。在目的阶段，为进行大批量刷单炒信，刷客需掌握大量优质账号，而这一行为可能造成对公民个人信息的侵害，构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。正向刷单做虚假好评，情节严重的，构成虚假广告罪。而对于反向刷单，若是进行恶意好评，使系统对该店铺进行误判导致经营不善，可能构成破坏生产经营罪；若是恶意差评，则可能构成损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪。针对情节严重、危害较大的刷单炒信行为，刑法介入是合理且必要的，以有效遏制此类违法行为，维护电商市场的健康发展。
With the rapid development of e-commerce, the phenomenon of brushing orders and inflating credit ratings has become increasingly serious, affecting the normal operation of the e-commerce industry and the order of competition. The current civil law, administrative law and industry norms show the weakness of the regulation of credit speculation, so it is necessary to regulate the behavior by criminal law. From the perspective of typology, the behavior of brushing and inflating credit ratings can be divided into two major aspects: behavior and purpose. In the behavioral aspect, the construction of the brush platform should not be dealt with as an illegal business crime, but should be included in the scope of the crime of illegal use of computer networks. In the purpose stage, in order to carry out high-volume brushing orders and inflating credit ratings, the actor needs to master a large number of high-quality accounts, and this behavior may cause the infringement of citizens’ personal information, which constitutes the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information. Brushing orders for false positive feedback, if the situation is serious, it constitutes the crime of false advertising. If the system is triggered to misjudge the business through intentionally favorable reviews, causing the merchant to operate poorly, it may constitute a crime of sabotage of production and operation; if the perpetrator carries out a large number of malicious bad reviews, it may constitute the crime of damaging business reputation and commodity reputation. In response to the seriousness of the behavior of brushing orders and inflating credit ratings, criminal law intervention is reasonable and necessary to effectively curb such illegal behavior and maintain the healthy development of the e-commerce market.