In recent years, digital technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the landscape of language learning, offering unprecedented opportunities for learners to engage with foreign languages in diverse and interactive ways. This scholarly article investigates the efficacy, advantages, and challenges of learning foreign languages online through various platforms: drawing on empirical research and theoretical frameworks from education, linguistics, and technology studies, the article examines the impact of online language learning on linguistic proficiency, learner motivation, cultural competence, and accessibility. Additionally, it explores the role of AI, digital tools, such as language learning apps, virtual classrooms, and multimedia resources, in facilitating language acquisition and intercultural communication.
References
[1]
Abrams, B. (2023). Experts Issue a Dire Warning about AI and Encourage Limits Be Imposed. https://www.npr.org/2023/05/31/1179030677/experts-issue-a-dire-warning-about-ai-and-encourage-limits-be-imposed
[2]
Bisson, M. J., Goldberg, A. M., & Zhang, S. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Applications in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: A Research Synthesis. Language Learning & Technology, 23, 20-42.
[3]
Burns, S. (2024). Educause QuickPoll Results: AI in Communications Applications. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2024/11/educause-quickpoll-results-ai-in-communications-applications
[4]
Carnegie Mellon University (2024). What Is the Difference between Formative and Summative Assessment? https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/formative-summative.html
[5]
Chaudhry, M., & Kazim, E. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED): A High-Level Academic and Industry Note 2021. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3833583
[6]
Davidoff (2024). How Broadening AI Access Can Help Bridge the Digital Divide. https://www.benton.org/headlines/how-broadening-ai-access-can-help-bridge-digital-divide
[7]
Economist Intelligence Unit (2008). The Future of Higher Education: How Technology Will Shape Learning. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505103.pdf
[8]
Font de la Vall, R., & González Araya, F. (2023). Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of Ai-Language Learning Tools. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 10, 7569-7576. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v10i01.02
[9]
Freeman, M. (n.d.). AI Futurist Thought Leader. https://www.drmistydfreeman.com/
[10]
Gardner, J., O’Leary, M., & Yuan, Li. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Educational Assessment: ‘Breakthrough? Or Buncombe and Ballyhoo?’ Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37, 1207-1216. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcal.12577
[11]
Greene-Santos, A. (2024). Does AI Have a Bias Problem? https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/does-ai-have-bias-problem
[12]
Herrity, J. (2023). How to Perform a Self Assessment. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/self-assessments
[13]
Hsu, T., Chang, C., & Jen, T. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Image Recognition Using Self-Regulation Learning Strategies: Effects on Vocabulary Acquisition, Learning Anxiety, and Learning Behaviours of English Language Learners. Interactive Learning Environments, 32, 3060-3078. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2165508
[14]
Junaidi, J. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in EFL Context: Rising Students’ Speaking Performance with Lyra Virtual Assistance. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29, 6735-6741.
[15]
Just Think AI (2024). The Role of AI in Personalization. https://www.justthink.ai/blog/the-role-of-ai-in-personalized-learning#:~:text=AI%20techniques%20like%20machine%20learning%20and%20natural%20language,based%20on%20individual%20progress%20and%20interactions.%20More%20items
[16]
Kazim, E., & Koshiyama, A. (2020). A High-Level Overview of AI Ethics. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3609292
[17]
Krutka, D. G., Manca, S., Galvin, S. M., Greenhow, C., Koehler, M. J., & Askari, E. (2019). Teaching “Against” Social Media: Confronting Problems of Profit in the Curriculum. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 121, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101410
[18]
Kumar Betal, A. (2023). Enhancing Second Language Acquisition through Artificial Intelligence (AI): Current Insights and Future Directions. Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching, 7, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.54850/jrspelt.7.39.003
[19]
Liang, W. X. et al. (2023). GPT Detectors Are Biased against Non-Native English Writers. Patterns, 4, Article ID: 100779. https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00130-7?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2666389923001307%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
[20]
Liu, Y., Chen, C. M., & Chang, C. Y. (2021). Investigating the Effects of an Intelligent Tutor with Adaptive Instructional Support in Mobile-Assisted Language Learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 29, 31-48.
[21]
Makes You Fluent (2024). 20 Best Language Learning Apps in 2024. https://makesyoufluent.com/ai-language-learning-apps/
[22]
Marr, B. (2024). 11 Barriers to Effective AI Adoption and How to Overcome Them. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2024/05/10/11-barriers-to-effective-ai-adoption-and-how-to-overcome-them/
[23]
Murphy, R. F. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Applications to Support k-12 Teachers and Teaching: A Review of Promising Applications, Challenges, and Risks. Rand. https://doi.org/10.7249/PE315
[24]
Muscanell, N. (2024). Educause QuickPoll Results: Third-Party Risk Management Practices in Higher Education. Educause Review.
[25]
Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Three Paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article ID: 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100020
[26]
Paritii (2023). Challenges and Risks of Implementing AI in Higher Education. https://assets-global.website-files.com/614c74bed493c614df61ef20/657ce1d1af3278fa71f17084_Challenges%20and%20Risks%20of%20Implementing%20AI%20in%20Higher%20Education.pdf
[27]
Promethean (2023). Trailblazing Technology: The Rise of AI in Education. https://www.prometheanworld.com/resource-center/blogs/trailblazing-technol-ogy-the-rise-of-ai-in-education/
[28]
Ramachandran (2024). Enterprise AI Integration: Fine-Tuning Large Language. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/integrating-ai-legacy-systems-challenges-strategies-josh-denton-pksqe
[29]
Regan, P. M., & Jesse, J. (2019). Ethical Challenges of Edtech, Big Data and Personalized Learning: Twenty-First Century Student Sorting and Tracking. Ethics and Information Technology, 21, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9492-2
[30]
Sharma, N. (2023). How to Overcome Educational Challenges with AI-Driven EdTech Solutions? https://www.hurix.com/overcoming-educational-challenges-with-ai-driven-edtech-solutions/
[31]
Skill Success (2023). Exploring Innovative Approaches to Language Teaching. https://blog.skillsuccess.com/exploring-innovative-approaches-to-language-teaching/
[32]
Spector, C. (2024). How Technology Is Reinventing Education. https://ed.stanford.edu/news/how-technology-reinventing-education
[33]
Stohr, C., Ou, A. W., & Malmström, H. (2024). Perceptions and Usage of AI Chatbots among Students in Higher Education across Genders, Academic Levels and Fields of Study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article ID: 100259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100259
[34]
Strobel Education (2023). Assessing Student Learning: 6 Types of Assessment and How to Use Them. https://strobeleducation.com/blog/assessing-student-learning-6-types-of-assessment-and-how-to-use-them/
[35]
Subramanian, A., Rajendran,VI, Anand, A., & Sharma, P. (2020). Adaptive Personalized Learning Using Machine Learning for Language Learners. In 2020 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E) (pp. 164-169). IEEE.
[36]
The Princeton Review (2024). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Enhancing Learning through AI. https://www.princetonreview.com/ai-education/intelligent-tutoring-systems
[37]
Thuy, P. B., & Tien, P. D. (2024). AI-Powered Administration: The Role of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Education. International Journal of Religion, 5, 4560-4569. https://doi.org/10.61707/sqwrjn32
[38]
University of San Diego (2024). 39 Examples of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/artificial-intelligence-education/
[39]
Wideman-van der Laan, Y. (2024). AI in K-12 Education: Pros, Cons, and Costs a Guide for School District Leaders. https://ed-spaces.com/stories/ai-in-k-12-education-pros-cons-and-costs-a-guide-for-school-district-leaders/
[40]
World Economic Forum (2024a). The Future of Learning: How AI Is Revolutionizing Education 4.0. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/04/future-learning-ai-revolutionizing-education-4-0/
[41]
World Economic Forum (2024b). Education 4.0 Ensuring Emerging Technologies Improve Education Quality. https://initiatives.weforum.org/reskilling-revolution/education-4-0
[42]
World Economic Forum (2024c). This Is How Businesses Should Approach Reskilling for AI. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/10/reskilling-ai-workers-businesses/
[43]
Xie, H., Chu, H., Hwang, G., & Wang, C. (2019). Trends and Development in Technology-Enhanced Adaptive/personalized Learning: A Systematic Review of Journal Publications from 2007 to 2017. Computers & Education, 140, Article ID: 103599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103599
