兽药最大残留限量标准与中国水产品进口贸易
Maximum Residue Limits for Veterinary Drugs and Import Trade with China’s Aquatic Products

随着人们生活水平的提高，水产品的质量和安全问题开始受到消费者的关注。中国是世界第二大水产品进口国，其进口产品是否满足中国的兽药最大残留限量(MRLs)标准、中国更加严格的标准是否会成为中国水产品进口的阻碍，目前鲜少有人研究。本文基于2000~2023年中国从40个国家进口水产品的贸易数据和中国兽药MRLs标准数据进行探究。研究发现：中国的兽药标准对中国水产品的进口贸易有显著的抑制作用。相比于发达国家，中国MRLs标准对发展中国家的抑制作用更强。中国MRLs标准的提高引发了对产品生产技术水平要求的提高，进而提高了产品的生产成本与平均质量，部分国家通过提高产品价格的方式将由此产生的额外遵从成本转嫁给消费者。本文的结论为中国水产品进口贸易的发展和中国MRLs标准体系的健全提供了参考。
With the improvement of people’s living standards, the quality and safety of aquatic products have begun to attract the attention of consumers. China is the world’s second largest importer of aquatic products, and there is little research on whether its imported products meet China’s standards for maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs, and whether China’s stricter standards will become an obstacle to China’s aquatic product imports. This paper is based on the trade data of aquatic products imported by China from 40 countries from 2000 to 2023 and the standard data of China's veterinary drug MRLs. The results show that China’s veterinary drug standards have a significant inhibitory effect on the import trade of aquatic products in China. Compared with developed countries, China’s MRLs standards have a stronger inhibitory effect on developing countries. The improvement of MRLs standards in China has led to an increase in the technical level of product production, which in turn has increased the production cost and average quality of products, and some countries have passed on the additional compliance costs to consumers by raising product prices. The conclusion of this paper provides a reference for the development of China’s aquatic product import trade and the improvement of China’s MRLs standard system.