|
|
道德型领导的文献综述
|
Abstract:
道德型领导作为一种重要的领导风格，其核心在于领导者通过树立正确的价值观、维护公平正义、关心员工福祉以及在决策中体现道德原则，来激励和指导下属。本文从道德型领导的概念演进出发，系统梳理了其定义、测量方法、影响因素、影响结果、中介变量及情境条件。研究表明，道德型领导不仅能够促进员工的工作满意度、组织承诺和工作绩效，还能有效抑制员工的不道德行为，对组织的长期健康发展和社会责任履行具有积极作用。此外，本文还探讨了道德型领导在不同文化背景下的适用性和测量工具的多样性。最后，基于现有研究，本文提出了企业应重视和弘扬道德型领导风格的具体建议，包括营造道德氛围、发挥领导者的榜样作用、了解员工个体差异并采取个性化管理策略，以及在招聘和培训过程中重视候选人的道德品质。总之，道德型领导对于构建健康的企业文化、提升组织绩效和维护企业良好社会形象具有深远的意义，值得企业和研究者进一步关注和探索。
As an important leadership style, ethical leadership is centered on leaders motivating and guiding their subordinates by establishing correct values, maintaining fairness and justice, caring about the welfare of employees, and embodying ethical principles in decision-making. Starting from the conceptual evolution of ethical leadership, this paper systematically sorts out its definition, measurement methods, influencing factors, influencing results, mediating variables and situational conditions. Studies have shown that ethical leadership can not only promote employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work performance, but also effectively inhibit employees’ unethical behavior, and has a positive effect on the long-term healthy development of organizations and the fulfillment of social responsibilities. In addition, this paper also explores the applicability of ethical leadership in different cultural contexts and the diversity of measurement tools. Finally, based on existing research, this paper puts forward specific suggestions for enterprises to attach importance to and promote ethical leadership style, including creating an ethical atmosphere, giving full play to the role of leaders as role models, understanding individual differences of employees and adopting personalized management strategies, and paying attention to the moral qualities of candidates during recruitment and training. In short, ethical leadership has far-reaching significance for building a healthy corporate culture, improving organizational performance, and maintaining a good social image for enterprises. It deserves further attention and exploration by enterprises and researchers.
| [1] | Eissa, G., Wyland, R., Lester, S.W. and Gupta, R. (2019) Winning at All Costs: An Exploration of Bottom‐Line Mentality, Machiavellianism, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. Human Resource Management Journal, 29, 469-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12241 |
| [2] | Treviño, L.K., Hartman, L.P. and Brown, M. (2000) Moral Person and Moral Manager: How Executives Develop a Reputation for Ethical Leadership. California Management Review, 42, 128-142. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166057 |
| [3] | Burns, J.M. (1978) Leadership. Harper & Row. |
| [4] | Enderle, G. (1987) Some Perspectives of Managerial Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 6, 657-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00705782 |
| [5] | Heifetz, R.A. (1994) Leadership without Easy Answers. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1-88. |
| [6] | Gini, A. (1997) Moral Leadership and Business Ethics. Journal of Leadership Studies, 4, 64-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179199700400406 |
| [7] | Treviño, L.K., Brown, M. and Hartman, L.P. (2003) A Qualitative Investigation of Perceived Executive Ethical Leadership: Perceptions from Inside and Outside the Executive Suite. Human Relations, 56, 5-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726703056001448 |
| [8] | Brown, M.E., Treviño, L.K. and Harrison, D.A. (2005) Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002 |
| [9] | Resick, C.J., Hanges, P.J., Dickson, M.W. and Mitchelson, J.K. (2006) A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Endorsement of Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3242-1 |
| [10] | 黄静, 文胜雄. 道德领导的本土化研究综述与展望[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2016(3): 12-18. |
| [11] | 许颖. 道德型领导影响组织不当行为机制研究——组织认同的中介作用与印象整饰的调节效应[J]. 西部论坛, 2016, 26(6): 101-106. |
| [12] | 薛晓州, 赵畅. 道德型领导对员工主观幸福感的影响: 同事支持和同事信任以及亲社会动机的作用[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2016(11): 18-23, 30. |
| [13] | 唐贵瑶, 陈琳, 袁硕. 道德型领导对企业声誉的影响: 一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 管理评论, 2019, 31(12): 170-180. |
| [14] | Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D.N. and De Hoogh, A.H.B. (2011) Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (ELW): Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 51-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.007 |
| [15] | Khuntia, R. and Suar, D. (2004) A Scale to Assess Ethical Leadership of Indian Private and Public Sector Managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 49, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:busi.0000013853.80287.da |
| [16] | 李博. 伦理型领导力对员工工作态度的影响[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2010. |
| [17] | Kanungo, R.N. and Mendonca, M. (1998) Ethical Leadership in Three Dimensions. Journal of Human Values, 4, 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/097168589800400202 |
| [18] | De Hoogh, A.H.B. and Den Hartog, D.N. (2008) Ethical and Despotic Leadership, Relationships with Leader’s Social Responsibility, Top Management Team Effectiveness and Subordinates’ Optimism: A Multi-Method Study. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.002 |
| [19] | Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Yu, H., Zhang, X. and Zhang, L. (2011) Ethical Leadership in Chinese Organizations: Developing a Scale. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 5, 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11782-011-0127-2 |
| [20] | 黄杰. 伦理型领导内容结构及其相关研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 开封: 河南大学, 2011. |
| [21] | 宋继文, 郭一蓉, 李晓立. 道德领导对员工创造力的作用机制研究: 内在动机与社会交换的中介作用[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2016(3): 19-27. |
| [22] | Resick, C.J., Hanges, P.J., Dickson, M.W. and Mitchelson, J.K. (2006) A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Endorsement of Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3242-1 |
| [23] | Riggio, H.R. and Riggio, R.E. (2010) Appearance-Based Trait Inferences and Voting: Evolutionary Roots and Implications for Leadership. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 34, 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-009-0083-0 |
| [24] | 姚艳虹, 周惠平, 李扬帆, 夏敦. 伦理型领导对员工创新行为的影响[J]. 统计与信息论坛, 2015, 30(2): 94-98. |
| [25] | Northouse, P.G. (2001) Leadership: Theory and Practice. 2nd Edition, Sage. |
| [26] | Spangenberg, H. and Theron, C.C. (2005) Promoting Ethical Follower Behaviour through Leadership of Ethics: The Development of the Ethical Leadership Inventory (ELI). South African Journal of Business Management, 36, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i2.623 |
| [27] | Hassan, S., Mahsud, R., Yukl, G. and Prussia, G.E. (2013) Ethical and Empowering Leadership and Leader Effectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28, 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941311300252 |
| [28] | Ko, C., Ma, J., Bartnik, R., Haney, M.H. and Kang, M. (2017) Ethical Leadership: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda. Ethics & Behavior, 28, 104-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2017.1318069 |
| [29] | Mayer, D.M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R.L. and Kuenzi, M. (2012) Who Displays Ethical Leadership, and Why Does It Matter? An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences of Ethical Leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 151-171. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.0276 |
| [30] | Schaubroeck, J.M., Peng, A.C. and Hannah, S.T. (2013) Developing Trust with Peers and Leaders: Impacts on Organizational Identification and Performance during Entry. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 1148-1168. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0358 |
| [31] | Mayer, D.M., Kuenzi, M. and Greenbaum, R.L. (2010) Examining the Link between Ethical Leadership and Employee Misconduct: The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0794-0 |
| [32] | Walumbwa, F.O. and Schaubroeck, J. (2009) Leader Personality Traits and Employee Voice Behavior: Mediating Roles of Ethical Leadership and Work Group Psychological Safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1275-1286. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015848 |
| [33] | 王震, 孙健敏. 人力资源管理实践、组织支持感与员工承诺和认同一项跨层次研究[J]. 经济管理, 2011, 33(4): 80-86. |
| [34] | Zhu, Y., Sun, L. and Leung, A.S.M. (2013) Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Reputation, and Firm Performance: The Role of Ethical Leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31, 925-947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9369-1 |
| [35] | Nguyen, N.T.T., Nguyen, N.P. and Thanh Hoai, T. (2021) Ethical Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Reputation, and Firm Performance: A Serial Mediation Model. Heliyon, 7, e06809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06809 |
| [36] | 刘玉冰. 道德型领导与企业CSR战略决策——TMT自我决定理论视角[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2023. |
| [37] | Saha, R., Shashi, Cerchione, R., Singh, R. and Dahiya, R. (2019) Effect of Ethical Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Performance: A Systematic Review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27, 409-429. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1824 |
| [38] | Eisenbeiss, S.A., van Knippenberg, D. and Fahrbach, C.M. (2014) Doing Well by Doing Good? Analyzing the Relationship between CEO Ethical Leadership and Firm Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 635-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2124-9 |
| [39] | Nguyen, X.H., Doan, X.T. and Tran, H.L. (2019) CEO Ethical Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Evidence from Garment and Textile Industry. Management Science Letters, 9, 2433-2442. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.7.012 |
| [40] | Brown, M.E. and Treviño, L.K. (2006) Ethical Leadership: A Review and Future Directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 595-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.004 |
| [41] | Shafique, I., Ahmad, B. and Kalyar, M.N. (2019) How Ethical Leadership Influences Creativity and Organizational Innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23, 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2018-0269 |
| [42] | Lei, H., Ha, A.T.L. and Le, P.B. (2019) How Ethical Leadership Cultivates Radical and Incremental Innovation: The Mediating Role of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Sharing. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 35, 849-862. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0180 |
| [43] | 孙利平, 凌文辁, 方俐洛. 国外关于伦理领导的研究[J]. 理论探讨, 2009, 21(3): 152-153. |
| [44] | 潘清泉, 韦慧民. 伦理型领导及其影响机制研究评介与启示[J]. 商业经济与管理, 2014, 26(2): 29-37. |
| [45] | Zhu, W., Riggio R., Avolio, B. J. and Sosik J. (2004) The Effect of Leadership on Follower Moral Identity: Does Transformational/Transactional Style Make a Difference? Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 26, 15-20. |
| [46] | Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E. (2012) Exploring the Process of Ethical Leadership: The Mediating Role of Employee Voice and Psychological Ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1298-2 |
| [47] | Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C.M. and Green, S. (2015) A Meta-Analytic Review of Ethical Leadership Outcomes and Moderators. Journal of Business Ethics, 139, 517-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1 |
| [48] | Liao, Y., Liu, X., Kwan, H.K. and Li, J. (2014) Work-Family Effects of Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 535-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2119-6 |
| [49] | 涂乙冬, 陆欣欣, 郭玮, 王震. 道德型领导者得到了什么? 道德型领导、团队平均领导-部属交换及领导者收益[J]. 心理学报, 2014(9): 1378-1391. |
| [50] | 宋文豪, 于洪, 彦蒋琬. 伦理型领导对员工创造力的影响机制研究-社会学习和知识共享视角[J]. 软科学, 2014, 28(12): 112-115. |
| [51] | Detert, J.R., Treviño, L.K., Burris, E.R. and Andiappan, M. (2007) Managerial Modes of Influence and Counterproductivity in Organizations: A Longitudinal Business-Unit-Level Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 993-1005. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.993 |
| [52] | Woo Gon Kima, D.M., Kuenzi, M., Greenbauma, R., Bardes, M. and Salvador, R.B. (2011) How Low Does Ethical Leadership Flow? Test of a Trickle Downmodel. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108, 5-13. |
| [53] | Chen, A.S. and Hou, Y. (2016) The Effects of Ethical Leadership, Voice Behavior and Climates for Innovation on Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 27, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007 |
| [54] | Dhar, R.L. (2016) Ethical Leadership and Its Impact on Service Innovative Behavior: The Role of LMX and Job Autonomy. Tourism Management, 57, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.05.011 |
| [55] | Demirtas, O., Hannah, S.T., Gok, K., Arslan, A. and Capar, N. (2015) The Moderated Influence of Ethical Leadership, via Meaningful Work, on Followers’ Engagement, Organizational Identification, and Envy. Journal of Business Ethics, 145, 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2907-7 |
| [56] | Moore, C., Mayer, D.M., Chiang, F.F.T., Crossley, C., Karlesky, M.J. and Birtch, T.A. (2019) Leaders Matter Morally: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Shaping Employee Moral Cognition and Misconduct. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104, 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000341 |
| [57] | Zhao, J., Sun, W., Zhang, S. and Zhu, X. (2020) How CEO Ethical Leadership Influences Top Management Team Creativity: Evidence from China. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article No. 748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00748 |
| [58] | Metcalf, L. and Benn, S. (2012) Leadership for Sustainability: An Evolution of Leadership Ability. Journal of Business Ethics, 112, 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1278-6 |
