|
|
新医科背景下针灸学科课程教学优化的实践探索
|
Abstract:
传统的针灸学科课程教学模式已经不能应对现代针灸学科的发展。在“新医科”背景下，探索针灸教学的优化日趋重要。本文总结了近10年来有关针灸应用研究的国际热点和前沿，包括针灸促进神经再生、调节氧化应激、调控脑网络连接，针刺调节高血压及针刺镇痛研究等研究进展，组学技术，大数据，人工智能和虚拟现实等新兴技术前沿。基于这些针灸学科的新发展新变化，讨论了针灸学科课程教学可行的优化方向。
The traditional teaching mode of acupuncture cannot cope with the development of modern acupuncture subject. Under the background of “new medical science”, it is increasingly important to explore the optimization of acupuncture education. This paper summarizes the international hot spots and frontiers of research on the application of acupuncture in the past 10 years, including the research on acupuncture promoting nerve regeneration, acupuncture regulating oxidative stress, modulation of brain network connectivity, acupuncture regulation of hypertension and analgesia, emerging cutting-edge technologies such as omics, big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, etc. Based on the new development and changes of acupuncture, the feasible optimization of acupuncture education is discussed.
| [1] | Zhao, Z.Q. (2008) Neural Mechanism Underlying Acupuncture Analgesia. Progress in Neurobiology, 85, 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.05.004 |
| [2] | 粟胜勇, 何列涛, 邹卓成, 等. 基于BOPPPS模式的针灸学教学设计——以经络腧穴理论教学为例[J]. 中国中医药现代远程教育, 2021, 19(9): 30-32. |
| [3] | 鄢香芸, 姚俊鹏, 席梦含, 等. 基于CiteSpace的针刺临床机制研究文献的可视化分析[J]. 中医杂志, 2023, 64(14): 1491-1499. |
| [4] | 赵吉平. 经络腧穴诊察——提高针灸临床诊治水平的重要手段[J]. 中国针灸, 2018, 38(10): 1119. |
| [5] | Li, J., Wang, Q., Liang, H.L., Dong, H.X., et al. (2012) Biophysical Characteristics of Meridians and Acupoints: A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, Article ID: 793841. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/793841 |
| [6] | Maurer, N., Nissel, H., Egerbacher, M., et al. (2019) Anatomical Evidence of Acupuncture Meridians in the Human Extracellular Matrix: Results from a Macroscopic and Microscopic Interdisciplinary Multicentre Study on Human Corpses. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, Article ID: 6976892. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6976892 |
| [7] | Song, X.J., Wang, G.J., Li, H.Y., et al. (2021) Sixty Years of Meridian-Collateral Exploration: A Road of Interdisciplinary Research. Acupuncture Research, 46, 527-532. |
| [8] | Bai, X.B., Wu, R.Z., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) Tissue Micro-Channels Formed by Collagen Fibers and Their Internal Components: Cellular Evidence of Proposed Meridian Conduits in Vertebrate Skin. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26, 1069-1075. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927620024381 |
| [9] | Yang, J.-W., Li, Q.-Q., Li, F., et al. (2014) The Holistic Effects of Acupuncture Treatment. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, Article ID: 739708. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/739708 |
| [10] | Liu, S.B., Wang, Z.F., Su, Y.S., et al. (2021) A Neuroanatomical Basis for Electroacupuncture to Drive the Vagal-Adrenal Axis. Nature, 598, 641-645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04001-4 |
| [11] | Lin, Y., Yao, D.W. and Tang, L. (2004) A Study on Morphological Basis of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion from Digital Human Body. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 35, 337-343. |
| [12] | Chae, Y., Chang, D.-S., Lee, S.-H., et al. (2013) Inserting Needles into the Body: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Activity Associated with Acupuncture Needle Stimulation. The Journal of Pain, 14, 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.11.011 |
| [13] | Lin, L.-L., Wang, Y.-H., Lai, C.-Y., et al. (2012) Systems Biology of Meridians, Acupoints, and Chinese Herbs in Disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, Article ID: 372670. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/372670 |
| [14] | Jia, J., Yu, Y., Deng, J.-H., et al. (2012) A Review of Omics Research in Acupuncture: The Relevance and Future Prospects for Understanding the Nature of Meridians and Acupoints. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140, 594-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.034 |
| [15] | Zhang, M.L., Shi, L., Deng, S.Z., et al. (2022) Effective Oriental Magic for Analgesia: Acupuncture. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, Article 1451342. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1451342 |
| [16] | Li, Y.C., Yu, Y., Liu, Y.H., et al. (2022) Mast Cells and Acupuncture Analgesia. Cells, 11, Article 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050860 |
| [17] | Goldman, N., Chen, M., Fujita, T., et al. (2010) Adenosine A1 Receptors Mediate Local Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Acupuncture. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 883-888. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2562 |
| [18] | Zhang, Y.Q., Zhang, H.L., Nierhaus, T., et al. (2019) Default Mode Network as a Neural Substrate of Acupuncture: Evidence, Challenges and Strategy. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, Article 424227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00100 |
| [19] | Lee, I.-S. and Chae, Y. (2022) Exploring Acupuncture Actions in the Body and Brain. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 15, 157-162. https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.3.157 |
| [20] | Jung, W.-M., Lee, I.-S., Wallraven, C., et al. (2015) Cortical Activation Patterns of Bodily Attention Triggered by Acupuncture Stimulation. Scientific Reports, 5, Article No. 12455. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12455 |
| [21] | Ulloa, L. (2021) Neurons That Switch off Inflammation, Nature, 598, 573-574. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02714-0 |
| [22] | Kawakita, K., Shinbara, H., Imai, K., et al. (2006) How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 100, 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.CRJ06004X |
| [23] | Wang, H., Cui, J.J., Zhao, S.T., et al. (2021) Progress on the Experimental Research of Sciatic Nerve Injury with Acupuncture. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, Article ID: 1401756. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1401756 |
| [24] | Tang, H.L., Guo, Y., Zhao, Y.D., et al. (2020) Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Neural Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Prospects. Neural Plasticity, 2020, Article ID: 8890655. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890655 |
| [25] | Li, J., Sun, M.S., Ye, J., et al. (2019) The Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Essential Hypertension: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Hypertension, 2019, Article ID: 8676490. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8676490 |
| [26] | 王晓宇, 于清泉, 何伟, 等. 从“分子药”到“电子药”: SPARC计划和针刺研究[J]. 针刺研究, 2019, 44(3): 157-160+175. |
| [27] | 白桦, 孙珂, 徐森磊, 等. 组学技术在针灸研究领域中的应用现状[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2021, 41(2): 428-431. |
| [28] | Lin, J.-G., Kotha, P. and Chen, Y.-H. (2022) Understandings of Acupuncture Application and Mechanisms. American Journal of Translational Research, 14, Article 1469. |
| [29] | 庞瑞涵, 晏峻峰. 近10年虚拟仿真技术在针灸学科中的研究进展[J]. 中国当代医药, 2023, 30(8): 38-42. |
| [30] | Lee, H. (2023) Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool in Acupuncture Education: Comparative Study. JMIR Medical Education, 9, E47427. https://doi.org/10.2196/47427 |
| [31] | 井明鑫, 王丽. 试述现代针灸教育模式的形成[J]. 中国针灸, 2020, 40(4): 429-433. |
| [32] | 曹江鹏, 杜元灏. 关于现代针灸学科建设的思考[J]. 中医药临床杂志, 2023, 35(6): 1049-1052. |
| [33] | 杨志虹, 杨孝芳, 陈盼碧, 等. 大数据信息化背景下培养学生科技创新能力的实验针灸学教学改革[J]. 中国中医药现代远程教育, 2022, 20(11): 186-187. |
| [34] | 王浩然, 王松鹏. 新医科背景下针灸学智能 + 教学培养模式实践[J]. 中国中医药现代远程教育, 2023, 21(18): 9-12. |
| [35] | 张高明, 张善从. 基于全过程的高校科技成果转化能力研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 2020, 40(23): 92-99. |
| [36] | 孙忠人, 田洪昭, 尹洪娜, 等. 基于“医工结合”探讨针灸发展演变[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2019, 34(3): 1117-1119. |
| [37] | 徐天成, 卢东东, 温中蒙, 等. 医工结合视角下针灸专业人才的教育与培养——“新医科”背景下中国高等教育改革转型的实例分析[J]. 中国针灸, 2024, 44(2): 209-213. |
| [38] | 原帅, 黄宗英, 贺飞. 交叉与融合下学科建设的思考——以北京大学为例[J]. 中国高校科技, 2019(12): 4-7. |
