基于交叉效率DEA方法和Malmquist指数法的电商产业效率评估
Efficiency Evaluation of E-Commerce Industry Based on Cross-Efficiency DEA Method and Malmquist Index Method

电子商务是信息社会的产物，在降低贸易门槛和创造就业机会方面发挥了重要作用，评估其经营效率有利于该产业的健康发展。本文使用交叉效率DEA方法评估了中国30个省级电商产业在2017~2020年间的经营效率，并使用Malmquist指数法探究了效率演变情况。得到的主要结论如下：(1) 中国电商产业没有一个地区的经营效率达到1，整体上存在较大提升空间。(2) 中国电商经营效率呈现从南到北的高–低–高的分布格局。(3) 电商产业的规模收益状态处于全程非增或波动变化的地区居多。(4) 在研究期间，电商效率的平均Malmquist指数、技术变化指数和效率变化指数都呈现先进步、再倒退、最后进步的变化趋势，技术变化指数主导了Malmquist指数的变化。文章的最后提出了相应政策建议。
E-commerce is the product of the information society, playing an important role in terms of lowering trade barriers and creating employment opportunities. Evaluating its operational efficiency is conducive to the healthy development of the industry. This paper uses the cross-efficiency DEA method to evaluate the operational efficiency of 30 provincial-level e-commerce industries in China from 2017 to 2020, and uses Malmquist index method to explore the efficiency evolution. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) The operational efficiency of China’s e-commerce industry has not reached 1 in any region. There is significant room for improvement overall. (2) The operational efficiency of China’s e-commerce industry displays a distribution pattern of high-low-high from north to south. (3) The scale return status of the e-commerce industry is non increasing entirely or fluctuating in most regions. (4) During the research period, the average Malmquist index, technology change index, and efficiency change index of e-commerce efficiency all display the trend of first improving, then regressing, and finally improving. The technology change index dominates the change of the Malmquist index. Corresponding policy recommendations are proposed at the end of the paper.