中国新能源汽车制造业上市公司经营绩效评价研究
Research on Performance Evaluation of Listed Companies in China’s New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

以6家新能源汽车制造业上市公司为研究对象，从盈利能力、偿债能力、运营能力、成长能力和投资者获利能力5个方面选取11个指标建立经营绩效评价指标体系。基于2015年~2021年的数据，运用主成分分析法对6家公司进行绩效评估与排序，发现蔚来在近三年中表现出强劲的增长势头，比亚迪和广汽一直保持着稳定的竞争优势，吉利在经营绩效上有下滑的趋势，上汽和长城仍需要进行优化和调整。为进一步细化企业间的差异，基于2021年的数据使用聚类分析将6家企业划分为3个类别，刻画出各企业在上述5项能力上的优劣势。最后根据评价结果给出相应的建议。
The study focuses on six listed companies in the new energy vehicle manufacturing industry, establishing a performance evaluation system by selecting eleven indicators across five dimensions: profitability, debt repayment capacity, operational capability, growth potential, and investor returns. Based on data from 2015 to 2021, principal component analysis was used to assess and rank the performance of these six companies. It was found that NIO has demonstrated strong growth momentum in recent years, while BYD and GAC have maintained stable competitive advantages. Geely has shown a downward trend in business performance, and SAIC and Great Wall still need optimization and adjustments. To further refine the differences between companies, cluster analysis based on 2021 data categorized the six companies into three groups, illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of each company in the aforementioned five capabilities. Finally, suggestions are provided based on the evaluation results.