Introduction: Association of sickle cell disease and pregnancy is a risky situation
for both the mother and neonate. Objective: To determine the early
morbidity and mortality among neonates of mothers with sickle cell disease at
Borgou/Alibori Center Departmental Teaching Hospital (CHUD B/A) in Benin. Patients
and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical observational study
conducted at CHUD-B/A from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2019. It included
pregnant women with sickle cell disease who gave birth to a liveborn neonate at
the term of at least 28 weeks of amenorrhea. Variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical, and evolutionary. Analysis of
the factors associated with early death was also carried out with a
significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of a
total of 119 pregnant women, 95 neonates were recorded. Main morbidities were:
prematurity and intrauterine growth
restriction (49.5%); respiratory distress (40%), bacterial infection
(30.5%), and perinatal asphyxia (21.1%). Early mortality rate was 8.4%.In
bivariate analysis, the factors associated with early death were: parity (p
< 0.001), the severity of maternal anemia (p < 0.008), birth weight under
1500g (p < 0.002), the birth term under 32 weeks of amenorrhea (p <
0.001), resuscitation for at least 5 minutes (p = 0.001). In multivariate
analysis, resuscitation for at least 5 minutes (p = 0.007) was mainly
associated with early death. Conclusion: One out of two neonates of
mothers with sickle cell disease has a low birth weight. Early mortality is
high due to perinatal asphyxia. Hence the multidisciplinary care of these
mothers.
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