Background:Theuse of data for planning and improving healthcare
delivery is sub-optimal among developing countries. In 2015, Tanzania started
to implement the Star Rating Assessment (SRA) process for Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities to improve various dimensions of quality of services,
including the use of data. We aimed at assessing the extent and predictors of
data use in Tanzanian PHC facilities. Methods:？We used the most current nationalSRA data available in DHIS2 that
was collected in 2017/2018 from all 7289 PHC facilities. A facility was
considered using data if gained 80% of the allocated scores. Other dependent
variables were the three components that together contribute to the use of data (If PHC facility has Health
Management Information Systems (HMISs) functional, disseminates information, and has proper
medical records). We determined the
association between data use and
References
[1]
Abajebel, S., Jira, C., & Beyene, W. (2011). Utilization of Health Information System at District Level in Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South West Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 21, 65-76. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejhs/article/view/74271/64918
[2]
AbouZahr, C., & Boerma, T. (2005). Health Information Systems: The Foundations of Public Health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83, 578-583. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16184276
[3]
African Health Initiative Partnership Collaborative for Data Use for Decision Making (2022). Barriers and Facilitators to Data Use for Decision Making: The Experience of the African Health Initiative Partnerships in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Mozambique. Global Health, Science and Practice, 10, e2100666. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00666
[4]
Alpert, J. L., Akinola, S., Booty, E., Dimitrova, D., Do, T. T., Emmanuel, A. L., Fröhlicher, P., Gitonga, C. W., Le Thu Hang, P., Hunt, L., Hussein, S., Kiarie, H., Mistry, S., Ngechu, R., Nikolic, I. A., Olago, A., Pollack, T. M., Vellenga, R., Wispelwey, B. P., & Duong, D. B. (2020). Annual Primary Care 2030 Convening: Creating an Enabling Ecosystem for Person-Centered Primary Healthcare Models to Achieve Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Annals of Global Health, 86, Article 106. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2948
[5]
Anasel, M. G., Swai, I. L., & Masue, O. S. (2019). Creating a Culture of Data Use in Tanzania: Assessing Health Providers’ Capacity to Analyze and Use Family Planning Data. Working Paper, MEASURE Evaluation, University of North Carolina. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/wp-19-232.html
[6]
Aqil, A., Lippeveld, T., & Hozumi, D. (2009). PRISM Framework: A Paradigm Shift for Designing, Strengthening and Evaluating Routine Health Information Systems. Health Policy and Planning, 24, 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czp010
[7]
Arenth, B., Bennett, A., Bernadotte, C., Carnahan, E., Dube, M., Thompson, J., & Walton, J. (2017). Defining and Building a Data Use Culture. PATH. https://media.path.org/documents/PATH_Data_Use_Culture_Whitepaper_R2_DYmiuzp.pdf?_gl=1*1lnwxjc*_ga*MTcwNTI4MzcwMC4xNjc4MjAxNjU5*_ga_YBSE7ZKDQM*MTY3ODIwMTY1OS4xLjAuMTY3ODIwMTY1OS4wLjAuMA
[8]
Asemahagn, M. A. (2017). Determinants of Routine Health Information Utilization at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Western Amhara, Ethiopia. Cogent Medicine, 4, Article ID: 1387971. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1387971
[9]
English, M., Irimu, G., Agweyu, A., Gathara, D., Oliwa, J., Ayieko, P., Were, F., Paton, C., Tunis, S., & Forrest, C. B. (2016). Building Learning Health Systems to Accelerate Research and Improve Outcomes of Clinical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLOS Medicine, 13, e1001991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001991
[10]
Hoxha, K., Hung, Y. W., Irwin, B. R., & Grépin, K. A. (2022). Understanding the Challenges Associated with the Use of Data from Routine Health Information Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Health Information Management Journal, 51, 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358320928729 https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/wp-18-214/at_download/document
[11]
Kagoya, H. R., & Kibuule, D. (2018). Quality Assurance of Health Management Information System in Kayunga District, Uganda. African Evaluation Journal, 6, a238. https://doi.org/10.4102/aej.v6i2.238
[12]
Kapologwe, N. A., Kalolo, A., Kibusi, S. M., Chaula, Z., Nswilla, A., Teuscher, T., Aung, K., & Borghi, J. (2019). Understanding the Implementation of Direct Health Facility Financing and Its Effect on Health System Performance in Tanzania: A Non-Controlled before and after Mixed Method Study Protocol. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, Article No. 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0400-3
[13]
Kinyenje, E., Hokororo, J., Eliakimu, E., Yahya, T., Mbwele, B., Mohamed, M., & Kwesigabo, G. (2020). Status of Infection Prevention and Control in Tanzanian Primary Health Care Facilities: Learning From Star Rating Assessment. Infection Prevention in Practice, 2, Article ID: 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100071
[14]
Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., Adeyi, O., Barker, P., Daelmans, B., Doubova, S. V., English, M., García-Elorrio, E., Guanais, F., Gureje, O., Hirschhorn, L. R., Jiang, L., Kelley, E., Lemango, E. T., Liljestrand, J., Malata, A., & Pate, M. (2018). High-Quality Health Systems in the Sustainable Development Goals Era: Time for a Revolution. The Lancet Global Health, 6, e1196-e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
[15]
Lemma, S., Janson, A., Persson, L. Å., Wickremasinghe, D., & Källestål, C. (2020). Improving Quality and Use of Routine Health Information System Data in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. PLOS ONE, 15, e0239683. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239683
[16]
Lippeveld, T. (2017). Routine Health Facility and Community Information Systems: Creating an Information Use Culture. Global Health, Science and Practice, 5, 338-340. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00319
[17]
Mayston, R., Ebhohimen, K., & Jacob, K. (2020). Measuring What Matters—Information Systems for Management of Chronic Disease in Primary Healthcare Settings in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Opportunities. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579602000030X
[18]
Mboera, L. E. G., Rumisha, S. F., Mbata, D., Mremi, I. R., Lyimo, E. P., & Joachim, C. (2021). Data Utilisation and Factors Influencing the Performance of the Health Management Information System in Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research, 21, Article No. 498. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06559-1
[19]
MEASURE Evaluation (2018). Assessing Barriers to Data Demand and Use in the Health Sector: A Toolkit. MEASURE Evaluation, University of North Carolina. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/ms-18-134
[20]
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (2014). National Guidelines for Recognition of Implementation Status of Quality Improvement Initiatives in Health Facilities. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. https://tzdpg.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/National-Guidelines-for-Recognition-of-Implementation-Status-of-Quality-Improvement-Initiatives-in-Health-Facilities-2014.pdf
[21]
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) (2019). Digital Health Strategy: July 2019-June 2024. MoHCDGEC. https://www.healthdatacollaborative.org/fileadmin/uploads/hdc/Documents/Country_documents/Tanzania/Tanzania_Digital_Health_Strategy_2019_-2024.pdf
[22]
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) (2021). Health Sector Strategic Plan July 2021-June 2026 (HSSP V): Leaving No One Behind. MoHCDGEC. https://mitu.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Tanzania-Health-Sector-Strategic-Plan-V-17-06-2021-Final-signed.pdf
[23]
Mwencha, M., Rosen, J. E., Spisak, C., Watson, N., Kisoka, N., & Mberesero, H. (2017). Upgrading Supply Chain Management Systems to Improve Availability of Medicines in Tanzania: Evaluation of Performance and Cost Effects. Global Health: Science and Practice, 5, 399-411. http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/5/3/399 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00395
[24]
Nutley, T., & Li, M. (2018). Conceptualizing and Measuring Data Use: A Review of Assessments and Tools. Working Paper, MEASURE Evaluation, University of North Carolina. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/wp-18-214/at_download/document
[25]
Nutley, T., & Reynolds, H. W. (2013). Improving the Use of Health Data for Health System Strengthening. Global Health Action, 6, Article No. 20001. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20001
[26]
Nwankwo, B., & Sambo, M. N. (2018). Can Training of Health Care Workers Improve Data Management Practice in Health Management Information Systems: A Case Study of Primary Health Care Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal, 30, Article No. 289.
[27]
Pesec, M., Spigel, L., Granados, J. M. M., Bitton, A., Hirschhorn, L. R., Brizuela, J. A. J., Pignone, M., Sáenz, M. D. R., Schwarz, D., Villegas Del Carpio, O., Wilson, I. B., Zamora Méndez, E., & Ratcliffe, H. L. (2021). Strengthening Data Collection and Use for Quality Improvement in Primary Care: The Case of Costa Rica. Health Policy and Planning, 36, 740-753. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab043
[28]
President’s Office—Public Service Management and Good Governance (2018). The Approved Functions and Organisation Structure of the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (Approved by the President on 7th July, 2018). https://tzdpg.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MOHCDGEC-Functions-and-Organisation-Structure-July-2018.pdf
[29]
Rendell, N., Lokuge, K., Rosewell, A., & Field, E. (2020). Factors That Influence Data Use to Improve Health Service Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Global Health, Science and Practice, 8, 566-581. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00388
[30]
Sarakbi, D., Mensah-Abrampah, N., Kleine-Bingham, M., & Syed, S. B. (2021). Aiming for Quality: A Global Compass for National Learning Systems. Health Research Policy and Systems, 19, Article No. 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00746-6
[31]
Siyam, A., Ir, P., York, D., Antwi, J., Amponsah, F., Rambique, O., Funzamo, C., Azeez, A., Mboera, L., Kumalija, C. J., Rumisha, S. F., Mremi, I., Boerma, T., & O’Neill, K. (2021). The Burden of Recording and Reporting Health Data in Primary Health Care Facilities in Five Low- and Lower-Middle Income Countries. BMC Health Services Research, 21, Article No. 691. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06652-5
[32]
Sukums, F., Mensah, N., Mpembeni, R., Kaltschmidt, J., Haefeli, W. E., & Blank, A. (2014). Health Workers’ Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Computer Applications in Rural African Health Facilities. Global Health Action, 7, Article No. 24534. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.24534
[33]
Wagenaar, B. H., Hirschhorn, L. R., Henley, C., Gremu, A., Sindano, N., Chilengi, R., & AHI PHIT Partnership Collaborative (2017). Data-Driven Quality Improvement in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Systems: Lessons from Seven Years of Implementation Experience across Mozambique, Rwanda, and Zambia. BMC Health Services Research, 17, Article No. 830. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2661-x
[34]
World Health Organization & United Nations Children’s Fund (WHO & UNICEF) (2018). A Vision for Primary Health Care in the 21st Century: Towards Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. World Health Organization & UNICEF. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/328065
[35]
World Health Organization & United Nations Children’s Fund (WHO & UNICEF) (2020). Operational Framework for Primary Health Care: Transforming Vision into Action. World Health Organization & UNICEF. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337641
[36]
World Health Organization & United Nations Children’s Fund (WHO & UNICEF) (2022). Primary Health Care Measurement Framework and Indicators: Monitoring Health Systems through a Primary Health Care Lens. World Health Organization and UNICEF. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/352205
[37]
Yahya, T., & Mohamed, M. (2018). Raising a Mirror to Quality of Care in Tanzania: The Five-Star Assessment. The Lancet. Global Health, 6, e1155-e1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30348-6
