Welfare package has gained popularity in keeping employees’ motivation levels high and accordingly help improve their performance, both at work and at home. Although it has become a concern as a motivational tool for enhancing productivity in the education sector, extant research has considered other forms of motivational packages at the higher levels of the educational system. The study, therefore, used the Maslow Hierarchy Theory and a cross-sectional survey research design to evaluate the impact of welfare packages on public school teachers’ ability to deliver high-quality instruction at the fundamental level. Data gathered from randomly sampled 153 teachers and purposively selected 15 key informants revealed under functioning of professional responsibilities among public basic school teachers due to the deprivation of basic welfare packages (allowances, housing facilities, and medical health care), which consequently thwarts the academic performance of students and the quality education provision at the basic level. To preclude the situation, we recommend the collaboration of the government and the GES in making the welfare package provision for basic school teachers a policy priority making policy-makers to redesigning the GETFUND to include a welfare package for public basic school teachers, and also the fair wage and salary commission should conduct salary parity analysis to ensure equitable welfare package provision at all sectors and levels.
References
[1]
Adeyemo, A. R., Oladipupo, A., & Omisore, A. (2013). Teachers’ Motivation on Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Government Secondary Schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2, 35-41.
[2]
Akinsolu, A. O. (2010). Teachers and Students’ Academic Performance in Nigerian Secondary Schools: Implications for Planning. Florida Journal of Educational Administration & Policy, 3, 86-103.
[3]
Akintoye, I. R. (2000). The Place of Financial Management in Personnel Psychology. Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
[4]
Akpanobong, U. E., & Asuquo, E. E. (2015). Teacher Quality and Students’ Achievement in Financial Accounting in Senior Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Research, 3, 177-188.
[5]
Akubia, L. (2011). The Effect of Motivation on the Performance of Teachers in the Ghana Education Service: A Case Study of Obuasi Municipality. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi.
[6]
Amin, E. M. (2005). Social Science Research: Concepts, Methodology and Analysis. Makerere University.
[7]
Ampadu-Agyei, B. K. N. (2009). The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Staff Attitude towards Patients/Clients in the Public Health Institutions. A Case Study of West Akim Municipality. KNUST Press.
[8]
Andrews, N. L., Iroanwusi, F. O., & Princewill, O. (2018). Employee Welfare Schemes and Worker Performance: A Study of Selected Insurance Firms in Portharcourt. Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries, 30, 1-9.
[9]
Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th ed.). Kogan. Page Ltd.
[10]
Armstrong, M. (2008). A Hand Book of Human Resource Management Practice (10th ed.). Kogan Page Limited.
[11]
Asumah, S., Kuranchie, A., & Mensah, M. K. (2019). Can Welfare Management Affect Teachers’ Performance? Evidence from Ghana. European Journal of Training and Development Studies, 6, 29-41.
[12]
Aswathappa, K. (2008). Human Resource Management (5th ed.). McGraw Hill.
[13]
Awan, A. G., & Asghar, I. (2014). Impact of Employee Job Satisfaction on Their Performance: A Case Banking Sector in Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 2, 71-94.
[14]
Benn, S., Dunphy, D., & Griffiths, A. (2014). Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability. Routledge.
[15]
Brennen, A. M. (2001). Philosophy of Education. http://www.soencouragement.org
[16]
Budd, J. W. (2004). Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice. Cornell University Press.
[17]
Businge, C., & Nakajubi, G. (2014). Half of City Teachers’ Sleep Around; Most do Not Use Condoms. The New Vision, 27, 23.
[18]
Casey, B. J. (2013). The Teenage Brain: An Overview. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 79-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413486971
[19]
Chapin, J. (2014). A Practical Guide to Secondary Social Studies. Pearson Higher Education.
[20]
Cochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons Inc.
[21]
Collins, J. L., & Mayer, V. (2010). Both Hands Tied: Welfare Reform and the Race to the Bottom in the Low-Wage Labuor Market. The University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226114071.001.0001
[22]
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Qualitative Inquiry and Design. Sage Publications.
[23]
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Sage Publications.
[24]
Daddie, J. A., Andrews, N. L., Iroanwusi, F. O., & Princewill, O. (2018). Employee Welfare Schemes and Worker Performance: A Study of Selected Insurance Firms in Portharcourt. Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries, 30, 1-9.
[25]
Davar, S. C. (2006). Meta-Analysis of Sample. Correlations: The Validity of Hunter, Schmidt and Jackson (1982) Framework. Decision, 33, 111-40.
[26]
Fincham, J. E. (2008). Response Rates and Responsiveness for Surveys, Standards, and the Journal. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72, 43.
https://doi.org/10.5688/aj720243
[27]
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. McGraw-Hill Humanities.
[28]
Francis, D., & Le Roux, A. (2011). Teaching for Social Justice Education: The Intersection between Identity, Critical Agency, and Social Justice Education. South African Journal of Education, 31, 299-311. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n3a533
[29]
Ghana Statistical Service (2013). 2010 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report.
[30]
Gupta, S. (2014). Impact of Welfare Facilities on Satisfaction and Productivity of Workers: A Study of Indian PSU. Research and Sustainable Business, 5, 313-318.
[31]
Gupta, S., & Joshi, R. (2004). Human Resource Management (pp. 26.13). Kalyani Publishers.
[32]
Hilgers, D. (2010). Management by Performance Evolution, Current Development and Challenges of Public Performance Management. International Journal of Business Research, 10, 40-51.
[33]
Ichniowski, C., Kochan, T., Levine, D., Olson, O., & Strauss, G. (1996). What Works at Work? Industrial Relations, 35, 299-333.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1996.tb00409.x
[34]
Ikenyiri, E., & Ihua-Maduenyi, R. (2011). Teachers’ Assessment of Needs Satisfiers as Motivation for Teachers’ Effectiveness in Rivers State Primary Schools. In Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Teaching, Learning and Change (pp. 790-801). Publishing house.
[35]
Iyamu, E. O. S. (2005). Parents’ and Teachers’ Perception of Selection as a Factor of Quality in Curriculum Process in Nigeria. International Education Journal, 6, 96-103.
[36]
Jayanthi, S., & Ilangovan, K. A. (2019). Study on Awareness and Satisfaction towards Employee Welfare Measures. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 9, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.4.22
[37]
Jones, S. (2015). How Does Classroom Composition Affect Learning Outcomes in Ugandan Primary Schools? International Journal of Educational Development, 6, 101-167.
[38]
Keitany, B. J. (2014). Perceived Relationship between Employee Welfare Programmes and Employee Performance at Kenya Pipeline Company. Unpublished MBA Project, University of Nairobi.
[39]
Khan, M., & Mansoor, H. T. (2013). Factors Influencing Motivation Level of Academic Staff in Education Sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 1, 41-48.
[40]
Kitunga, S. M. (2009). Benefits of Kenya National Union of Teachers’ Welfare Programmes to Primary School Teachers in Mwingi District, Kenya. Masters Dissertation, Kenyatta University.
[41]
Kosgei, J. M. (2014). Challenges Facing the Implementation of Total Quality Management in Secondary Schools: A Case of Eldoret East District, Kenya. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 3, 12-18.
[42]
Lantos, G. P. (2001). The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18, 595-632. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110410281
[43]
Levacic, R. (2009). Teacher Incentives and Performance: An Application of Principal-Agent Theory. Oxford Development Studies, 37, 33-46.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810802660844
[44]
Lingard, H., & Rowlinson, S. M. (2005). Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Project Management. Journal of Graduate Students, 5, 82-96.
[45]
Lyimo, G. E. (2014). Analysis of Teachers’ Low Payments in Tanzania: A Case of Public Secondary Schools in Moshi Rural District. International Journal of Education and Research, 2, 1-14.
[46]
Manzine, H., & Gwandire, C. (2011). The Provision of Employee Assistance Programmes in South Africa Football Clubs. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
[47]
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. Harper.
[48]
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
[49]
Mishra, S., & Bhagat, M. (2007). Principles for Successful Implementation of Labour Welfare Activities. Personnel Today, 28, 34-39.
[50]
Monappa, A. (2008) Industrial Relations. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[51]
Moruri, L. O., Ogoti, O. E., & Munyua, K. J. (2018). Influence of Employee Welfare Facilities on Their Performance at the Kenya Judiciary Systems in North Rift Kenya. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, 209-219.
[52]
Mulkeen, A. (2005). Teachers for Rural Schools: A Challenge for Africa. Working Paper. Biennale on Education in Africa (Libreville, March 27-31, 2006). Association for the Development of Education in Africa.
[53]
Muthoni, L. G., & Wafula, R. O. (2016). Effect of Teacher Quality on Student Performance in Mathematics in Primary 6. National Examination: A Survey of Private Primary Schools in Gasabo District, Kigali, Rwanda. International Journal of Education and Research, 4, 237-260.
[54]
Mwiti, J. K. (2007). The Role of Welfare Services in Motivation of Staff in Kenyan Parastatals: A Case Study of Teachers Service Commission, Kenya. A Master’s Dissertation, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
[55]
Naluwemba, F., Sekiwu, D., & Okwenje, V. (2016). The Interplay of School Welfare Provision and Teacher Performance: The Case of Ugandan Secondary Schools. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 3, 6-13.
http://www.journalissues.org/IJEPRR
[56]
Nhlabatsi, S., & Dlamini, C. S. (2015). Enabling the Affordable Housing Mandate: The Case of the Swaziland National Housing Board (SNHB). American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 1, 414-420.
[57]
Njoku, A. C. (2011). Teacher-Status and Commitment to Duty: Leadership Implication for Nigerian Education. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 3, 136-141.
[58]
Nkata, J. L. (2005). Emerging Issues in Education Management in Developing Countries in the 21st Century. Masah Publishers.
[59]
Nyakwara, S., Shiundu, J., & Gongera, G. E. (2014). Evaluation of Employee Welfare Facilities as an Intervention Strategy of Industrial Unrest on Organization Performance: Case of Mumias Sugar Company. European Journal of Business and Management, 4, 56-74.
[60]
Ochwo, P. (2013). Pupil, Teacher, and School Factors that Influence Student Achievement on the Primary Leaving Examination in Uganda: Measuring Development and Multi-Level Modeling. Doctoral Dissertation, Kent State University College.
[61]
Odeku, O. F., & Odeku, K. O. (2014). In Pursuit of the Employees’ Welfare in the Workplace: Issues in Perspectives. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 652-660. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p652
[62]
Odhon’g, E. A., & Omolo, J. (2015). Effect of Human Capital Investment on Organizational Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in Kenya. Global Journal of Human Resources Management, 3, 1-29.
[63]
Odunlami, I. B., & Matthew, A. O. (2014). Compensation Management and Employees’ Performance in the Manufacturing Sector, a Case Study of a Reputable Organisation in the Food and Beverage Industry. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2, 108-117.
[64]
Oginni, B. Y., & Segun, A. A. (2013). The Workers’ Rights in Nigeria: Myth or Reality? International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2, 100-104.
[65]
Okereke, C. I., & Amgbare, D. (2010). Staff Welfare and Productivity in Patani Local Government Council, Delta State Nigeria. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 2, 313-320.
[66]
Oso, W. Y., & Onen, D. (2009). A General Guide to Writing Research Proposal and Report. Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
[67]
Owusu-Acheaw, M. (2008). Staff Development and Employee Welfare Practices and Their Effect on Productivity in Three Special Libraries in Ghana. Ghana Library Journal, 19, 109-128. https://doi.org/10.4314/glj.v19i1.33975
[68]
Patro, C. S. (2015). Employee Welfare Measures in Public and Private Sectors: A Comparative Analysis. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6, 22-37.
http://www.igi-global.com/article/employee-welfaremeasures-in-public-and-private-sectors
[69]
Prasad, L. M. (2010). Principles and Practice of Management. Sultan Chand & Sons Educational Publishers.
[70]
Priti, S. (2009). Employee Welfare. http://www.citehr.com/employeewelfare
[71]
Ramana, M. V., Ramanathan, V., Podgomy, I. A., & Pradhan, B. B. (2015). The Direct Observations of Large Aerosol Radiative Forcing in the Himalayan Region. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L05111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018824
[72]
Roseline, C. U. (2015). Administration of Primary Education towards Meeting the Challenges of Human Capital Development in Nigeria Beyond 2020. International Journal of Education and Research, 3, 419-432
[73]
Sarantakos, S. (1998). Social Research (2nd ed.). Macmillan Press Limited.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14884-4
[74]
Schaltegger, S., & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business Cases for Sustainability. In S. O. Idowu, et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 245-252). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_744
[75]
Sinclair, R. R., Tucker, J. S., Cullen, J. C., & Wright, C. (2005). Performance Differences among Four Organizational Commitment Profiles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1280-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1280
[76]
Sirisha, K. (2015). Impact of Welfare Measures on Human Resources Quality in SCCL with Special Reference to Kothagudem Mines. International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, 3, 51-65.
[77]
Streeck, W. (2005). Industrial Relations: From State Weakness as Strength to State Weakness as Weakness. Welfare Corporatism and the Private Use of the Public Interest. In S. Green, & W. Paterson (Eds.), Governance in Contemporary Germany: The Semisovereign State Revisited (pp. 138-164). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807749.007
[78]
Subhasish, C., Medha, W., & Darshana, P. (2018). A Study on Employee Welfare and Its Impact on Their Performance at Private Hospitals and Its Research Centre-Cross Sectional Descriptive Study. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5, 504-536.
[79]
Tao, S. (2013). Why Are Teachers Absent? Utilising the Capability Approach and Critical Realism to Explain Teacher Performance in Tanzania. International Journal of Educational Development, 33, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.01.003
[80]
Turkkahraman, M. (2012). The Role of Education in Societal Development. Journal of Education and Instructional Studies, 2, 38-42.
[81]
UNESCO Report (2014). Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges. UNESCO, Paris, France.
[82]
UNESCO Report (2015). Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges. UNESCO, Paris, France.
[83]
UN-Habitat Global Activities Report (2015). Increasing Synergy for Greater National Ownership. Nairobi.
[84]
Varadaraj, A., & Charumathi, D. (2019). Impact of Welfare Measures on the Quality of Employees’ Performance with Special Reference to Construction Industry. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 5, 30-36.
https://doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.52.1003
[85]
Venkata, R. T., & Lokanadha, R. E. (2015). A Study on Employee Welfare Measures with Reference to South Central Railways in India. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics and Management, 5, 1-11.
[86]
Venugopal, D. R. P., Bhaskar, T., & Principal, V. (2011). Employee Welfare Activities with Respective Measures in Industrial Sector. A Study on Industrial Cluster at Chittor District.
[87]
Vereraselvam, M. (2014). A Study on Employee Welfare Measures in Private Sector Spinning Mill at Madurai. International Journal of Research in IT and Management, 4, 22-38.
[88]
Waititu, F., Kihara, P., & Senaji, T. (2017). Effect of Employee Welfare Programmes on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Kenya Railways Corporation. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 2, 611-631.
[89]
Wandira, T. N. K., Onen, D., & Kimoga, J. (2015). Teacher Development and Management Systems (TDMS) Training Programme and the Performance of Head Teachers in the Management of Public Primary Schools in the Greater Masaka Region of Uganda. International Journal of Education and Research, 3, 231-244.
