Students with?autism?are?often neglected in a classroom setting within schools. Thereby, this proposed study will focus on using cooperative learning and differentiated instruction strategies to help year level 7 to 9 students?with autism to initiate better conversations and social interactions within a classroom, and further utilise science inquiry-based lessons and?group-oriented tasks to better understand the contents.
References
[1]
Ainscow, M., Howes, A., Farrell, P., & Frankham, J. (2003). Making Sense of the Development of Inclusive Practices. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 18, 227-242.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0885625032000079005
[2]
Akin, I., & Radford, L. (2018). Exploring the Development of Students’ Self-Esteem and Resilience in Urban schools. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 11, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v11i1.10118
[3]
Argyropoulos, V. S., & Nikolaraizi, M. A. (2009). Developing Inclusive Practices through Collaborative Action Research. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24, 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250902793586
[4]
Banda, D. R., Hart, S. L., & Liu-Gitz, L. (2010). Impact of Training Peers and Children with Autism on Social Skills during Center Time Activities in Inclusive Classrooms. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 619-625.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.12.005
[5]
Blakesley, C., Brooks, J., Folino, J., Gachuhi, R., Gerritsen, D., Harrell, J. et al. (2019). What Is the Difference between Assessment and Grading? The Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence and Educational Innovation.
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/grading-assessment.html
[6]
Boutot, E. A., & Bryant, D. P. (2005). Social Integration of Students with Autism in Inclusive Settings. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 40, 14-23.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23879768
[7]
Brady, L., & Kennedy, K. (2019). Assessment and Reporting: Celebrating Student Achievement (5 ed., pp. 1-183). Pearson.
[8]
Carnahan, C. R., & Williamson, P. S. (2013). Does Compare-Contrast Text Structure Help Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Comprehend Science Text? Exceptional Children, 79, 347-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291307900302
[9]
Carnahan, C. R., Williamson, P. S., & Christman, J. (2011). Linking Cognition and Literacy in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Teaching Exceptional Children, 43, 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005991104300606
[10]
Cook, T. (2004). Starting Where We Can: Using Action Research to Develop Inclusive Practice. International Journal of Early Years Education, 12, 3-16.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0966976042000182343
[11]
Fleury, V. P., Hedges, S., Hume, K., Browder, D. M., Thompson, J. L., Fallin, K., El Zein, F., Reutebuch, C. K., & Vaughn, S. (2014). Addressing the Academic Needs of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Secondary Education. Remedial and Special Education, 35, 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932513518823
[12]
Francis, B., Hodgen, J., Craig, N., Taylor, B., Archer, L., Mazenod, A., Tereshchenko, A., & Connolly, P. (2019). Teacher ‘Quality’ and Attainment Grouping: The Role of within-School Teacher Deployment in Social and Educational Inequality. Teaching and Teacher Education, 77, 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.10.001
[13]
Garrad, T.-A., Rayner, C., & Pedersen, S. (2019). Attitudes of Australian Primary School Teachers towards the Inclusion of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19, 58-67.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12424
[14]
Gillies, R. (2016). Cooperative Learning: Review of Research and Practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n3.3
[15]
Howes, A., Frankham, J., Ainscow, M., & Farrell, P. (2004). The action in Action Research: Mediating and Developing Inclusive Intentions. Educational Action Research, 12, 239-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790400200247
[16]
Huebner, T. A. (2010). What Research Says about Differentiated Learning. Meeting Students Where They Are, 67, 79-81.
https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/differentiated-learning
[17]
Humphrey, N., & Symes, W. (2013). Inclusive Education for Pupils with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in Secondary Mainstream Schools: Teacher Attitudes, Experience and Knowledge. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17, 32-46.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2011.580462
[18]
Juma, S., Lehtomaki, E., & Naukkarinen, A. (2017). Scaffolding Teachers to Foster Inclusive Pedagogy and Presence through Collaborative Action Research. Educational Action Research, 25, 720-736. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2016.1266957
[19]
Kaff, M. S., Zabel, R. H., & Milham, M. (2007). Revisiting Cost-Benefit Relationships of Behavior Management Strategies: What Special Educators Say about Usefulness, Intensity, and Effectiveness. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 51, 35-45. https://doi.org/10.3200/PSFL.51.2.35-45
[20]
Keeling, J. (2020). Differentiation vs. Scaffolding. Graduate Programs for Educators.
https://www.graduateprogram.org/2020/01/differentiation-vs-scaffolding/
[21]
Kingsley, J., Townsend, M., Henderson-Wilson, C., & Bolam, B. (2013). Developing an Exploratory Framework Linking Australian Aboriginal Peoples’ Connection to Country and Concepts of Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10, 678-698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020678
[22]
Knight, V. F., Smith, B. R., Spooner, F., & Browder, D. (2012). Using Explicit Instruction to Teach Science Descriptors to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 378-389.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1258-1
[23]
Kossyvaki, L., Jones, G., & Guldberg, K. (2012). The Effect of Adult Interactive Style on the Spontaneous Communication of Young Children with Autism at School. British Journal of Special Education, 39, 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12001
[24]
Kossyvaki, L., Jones, G., & Guldberg, K. (2016). Training Teaching Staff to Facilitate Spontaneous Communication in Children with Autism: Adult Interactive Style Intervention (AISI). Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 16, 156-168.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12068
[25]
Lawrie, G., Wright, A., Schultz, M., Dargaville, T., O’Brien, G., Bedford, S. et al. (2013). Using Formative Feedback to Identify and Support First Year Chemistry Students with Missing or Misconceptions. A Practice Report. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 4, 111-116. https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v4i2.179
[26]
Lerner, M. D., White, S. W., & McPartland, J. C. (2012). Mechanisms of Change in Psychosocial Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14, 307-318. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2012.14.3/mlerner
[27]
Lewthwaite, B. E., Osborne, B., Lloyd, N., Boon, H., Llewellyn, L., Webber, T. et al. (2015). Seeking a Pedagogy of Difference: What Aboriginal Students and Their Parents in North Queensland Say About Teaching and Their Learning. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n5.8
[28]
Lynch, M. (2015). Six Ways Teachers Can Foster Cultural Awareness in the Classroom. The Edvocate.
https://www.theedadvocate.org/6-ways-teachers-can-foster-cultural-awareness-in-the-classroom/
[29]
Mandy, W., Murin, M., Baykaner, O., Staunton, S., Hellriegel, J., Anderson, S., & Skuse, D. (2016). The Transition from Primary to Secondary School in Mainstream Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism, 20, 5-13.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361314562616
[30]
Mathew, C. (2022). Improving Student Engagement While Understanding the Relevance of Social Status and Inequalities with a School Context. Creative Education, 13, 3801-3810.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.1312242
[31]
McLeod, S. (2018). Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
[32]
McMahon, D. D., Cihak, D. F., Wright, R. E., & Bell, S. M. (2015). Augmented Reality for Teaching Science Vocabulary to Postsecondary Education Students with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48, 38-56.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2015.1103149
[33]
Messiou, K. (2018). Collaborative Action Research: Facilitating Inclusion in Schools. Educational Action Research, 27, 197-209.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2018.1436081
[34]
Milkova, S. (2020). Strategies for Effective Lesson Planning. Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. https://crlt.umich.edu/gsis/p2_5
[35]
Minds, M. (2014). How to Pair Scaffolding and Differentiation?
https://www.mentoringminds.com/learn/blog/how-to-pair-scaffolding-and-differentiation/
[36]
Nelson, C. A. (2014). A New Survey Sheds Light on Keys to Successful Implementation of Common Core State Standards. Teacher Collaboration: Keys to Common Core Success.
http://www.amle.org/BrowsebyTopic/WhatsNew/WNDet/TabId/270/ArtMID/888/ArticleID/394/Teacher-Collaboration-Keys-to-Common-Core-Success.aspx
[37]
Prizant, B. M., Wetherby, A. M., Rubin, E., Laurent, A. C., & Rydell, P. J. (2006). The SCERTS Model: A Comprehensive Educational Approach for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (Vol. 1). Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
[38]
Slavin, R. E. (1988). Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement. In R. E. Slavin (Ed.), School and Classroom Organization (pp. 129-156): Routledge.
[39]
Slavin, R. E. (2014). Cooperative Learning in Elementary Schools. Education 3-13, 43, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2015.963370
[40]
Spencer, B. (2017). The Importance of Timely and Effective Feedback.
https://blog.teamsatchel.com/the-importance-of-timely-and-effective-feedback#:~:text=Marking%
2C%20although%20time%20consuming%2C%20is%20paramount%20to%20students'%
20progression.&text=Timely%20feedback%20ensures%20that%20nothing,greater%20understanding%
20of%20a%20topic
[41]
Tangney, S. (2013). Student-Centred Learning: A Humanist Perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 19, 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.860099
[42]
Tanner, K. D. (2013). Structure Matters: Twenty-One Teaching Strategies to Promote Student Engagement and Cultivate Classroom Equity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 12, 322-331. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-06-0115
[43]
Thompson, S. (2020). How Do Australian Students See Their Teachers?
https://www.teachermagazine.com.au/columnists/sue-thomson/how-do-australian-students-see-their-teachers
[44]
Tragoulia, E., & Strogilos, V. (2013). Using Dialogue as a Means to Promote Collaborative and Inclusive Practices. Educational Action Research, 21, 485-505.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2013.832342
[45]
Wilson, S. D. (2018). Implementing Co-Creation and Multiple Intelligence Practices to Transform the Classroom Experience. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 11, 127-132. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v11i4.10206