The pandemic of Covid-19 has compelled numerous companies worldwide to use several growing online communication platform technologies fully. Educational institutions are among the organizations that have urged students and educators to communicate through a variety of online communication platforms in order to maintain an ongoing educational process. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has created challenges for the worldwide education sector when using these expanding technologies. The challenges were highlighted in many recent studies. However, compared with other developing countries, fewer studies were conducted in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by educators and learners in online learning impacted by Covid-19 through a literature review. The challenges mentioned are lack of facilities, lack of social interaction among students and educators, poor internet connection, motivation issues, assessment and evaluation process. This literature review implies that they could facilitate relevant authorities such as educational institution administrators, officers serving the Ministry of Higher Education and policymakers in designing effective measures to tackle the challenges.
References
[1]
Ab Wahab, S. M., & Mohamad, M. (2022). Covid-19: Measures Taken by Malaysian Tertiary English Educators in Overcoming Challenges during Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL). Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology, 2, 8-17.
[2]
Abdul Rahman, N., Ahmad Zukarain, Z., Mohd Zain, N. A., & Yusof, R. (2021). An Exploratory Sequential Sentiment Analysis of Online Learning during the Movement Control Order in Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Learning and Instruction, 18, 235-261.
https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2021.18.2.9
[3]
Aboagye, E., Yawson, J. A., & Appiah, K. N. (2020). Covid-19 and E-Learning: The Challenges of Students in Tertiary Institutions. Social Education Research, 2, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.37256/ser.212021422
[4]
Adams, D., Sumintono, B., Mohamed, A., & Noor, N. S. M. (2018). E-Learning Readiness among Students of Diverse Backgrounds in a Leading Malaysian Higher Education Institution. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15, 227-256.
https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2018.15.2.9
[5]
Alkhezzi, F., & Ahmed, M. S. (2020). A Review of Mobile Learning Technology Integration: Models, Frameworks, and Theories. College Student Journal, 54, 491-504.
[6]
Al-Kumaim, N. H., Alhazmi, A. K., Mohammed, F., Gazem, N. A., Shabbir, M. S., & Fazea, Y. (2021). Exploring the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on University Students’ Learning Life: An Integrated Conceptual Motivational Model for Sustainable and Healthy Online Learning. Sustainability, 13, Article No. 2546.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052546
[7]
Almaiah, M. A., Al-Khasawneh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2020). Exploring the Critical Challenges and Factors Influencing the E-Learning System Usage during Covid-19 Pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 5261-5280.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y
[8]
Aung, T. N., & Khaing, S. S. (2015). Challenges of Implementing E-Learning in Developing Countries: A Review. In: T. T. Zin, J. C. W. Lin, J. S. Pan, P. Tin, & M. Yokota (Eds.), Genetic and Evolutionary Computing. GEC 2015. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (pp. 405-411). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23207-2_41
[9]
Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Rosario, L. S. D. (2021). Students’ Online Learning Challenges during the Pandemic and How They Cope with Them: The Case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 7321-7338.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
[10]
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5, Article No. em0060. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
[11]
Bernama (2022). Empowering Educators of Tomorrow, Today.
https://www.bernama.com/en/thoughts/news.php?id=2072409
[12]
Bibi Noraini, M. Y., & Jihan, A. (2020). Are We Prepared Enough? A Case Study of Challenges in Online Learning in a Private Higher Learning Institution during the Covid-19 Outbreaks. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7, 205-212.
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8211
[13]
Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G. et al. (2020). A Global Outlook to the Interruption of Education Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating in a Time of Uncertainty and Crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15, 1-126.
[14]
Burgess, S., & Sievertsen, H. H. (2020). Schools, Skills, and Learning: The Impact of COVID-19 on Education. VoxEu.org, 1(2).
[15]
Chung, E., Subramaniam, G., & Dass, L. C. (2020). Online Learning Readiness among University Students in Malaysia amidst Covid-19. Asian Journal of University Education, 16, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.10294
[16]
Doucet, A., Netolicky, D., Timmers, K., & Tuscano, F. J. (2020). Thinking about Pedagogy in an Unfolding Pandemic (An Independent Report on Approaches to Distance Learning during Covid-19 School Closure). Education International and UNESCO.
[17]
Erlangga, D. T. (2022). Student Problems in Online Learning: Solutions to Keep Education Going on. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3, 21-26.
[18]
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Daily Life. Current Medicine Research and Practice, 10, 78-79.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmrp.2020.03.011
[19]
Heng, K., & Sol, K. (2021). Online Learning during Covid-19: Key Challenges and Suggestions to Enhance Effectiveness. Cambodian Journal of Education Research, 1, 3-16.
[20]
Hijazi, D., & AlNatour, A. (2021). Online Learning Challenges Affecting Students of English in an EFL Context during Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Education and Practice, 9, 379-395. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2021.92.379.395
[21]
Hove, B., & Dube, B. (2021). Covid-19 and the Entrenchment of a Virtual Elite Private School: Rethinking Education Policies in Zimbabwe. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 4, 84-94.
[22]
Igai, W. K. A., & Yunus, M. M. (2022). A Systematic Review of Perception of E-Learning Users in Formal Education during Covid-19 Pandemic. Creative Education, 13, 1981-1998.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.136123
[23]
Kanwal, F., & Rehman, M. (2017). Factors Affecting E-Learning Adoption in Developing Countries—Empirical Evidence from Pakistan’s Higher Education Sector. IEEE Access, 5, 10968-10978. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2714379
[24]
Krishnan, I. A., Ching, H. S., Ramalingam, S., Maruthai, E., Kandasamy, P., De Mello, G., & Ling, W. W. (2020). Challenges of Learning English in 21st Century: Online vs. Traditional during Covid-19. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i9.494
[25]
Mohamed, B. A., Fattah, I. M., Yousaf, B., & Periyasamy, S. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment, Waste Management, and Energy Sectors: A Deeper Look into the Long-Term Impacts. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 46438-46457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20259-1
[26]
Mohammad Izzamil, M. I., Muhammad Wafi, R., & Sofia Haminah, M. S. (2021). Now, Look What You’ve Done, Covid-19! The Impact on Academic Survival among Postgraduate Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11, 604-618. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i2/8430
[27]
Morgan, H. (2022). Alleviating the Challenges with Remote Learning during a Pandemic. Education Sciences, 12, Article No. 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020109
[28]
Niranjan, P. S. (2020). Corona Virus Pandemic Impact on Global Education: A Blessing in Disguise. Sustainable Humanosphere, 16, 68-72.
[29]
Osman, M. E. (2020). Global Impact of Covid-19 on Education Systems: The Emergency Remote Teaching at Sultan Qaboos University. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46, 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1802583
[30]
Owusu-Fordjour, C., Koomson, C. K., & Hanson, D. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Learning—The Perspective of the Ghanaian Student. European Journal of Education Studies, 7, 88-101.
[31]
Preeti, T. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Education System. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29, 3812-3814.
[32]
Radha, R., Mahalakshmi, K., Kumar, V. S., & Saravanakumar, A. R. (2020). E-Learning during Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13, 1088-1099.
[33]
Rahim, M. N., & Chandran, S. S. C. (2021). Investigating EFL Students’ Perceptions on E-Learning Paradigm-Shift during Covid-19 Pandemic. ELSYA: Journal of English Language Studies, 3, 56-66. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i1.5949
[34]
Razkane, H., Sayeh, A. Y., & Yeou, M. (2021). University Teachers’ Attitudes towards Distance Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic: Hurdles, Challenges, and Take-Away Lessons. European Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Education, 3, e02201.
https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/11436
[35]
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus, 12, e7541. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
[36]
Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Aremu, A. Y., Hussain, A., & Lodhi, R. N. (2021). Effects of Covid-19 in E-Learning on Higher Education Institution Students: The Group Comparison between Male and Female. Quality & Quantity, 55, 805-826.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01028-z
[37]
Siti Nurshahidah, S. A., Mohd Sufiean, H., Rosilawati, S. M., Aini Faezah, R., & Rusydi, M. K. (2020). Online Distance Learning Readiness during Covid-19 Outbreak among Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10, 642-657. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7236
[38]
Subedi, S., Nayaju, S., Subedi, S., Shah, S. K., & Shah, J. M. (2020). Impact of E-Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic among Nursing Students and Teachers of Nepal. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 5, 68-76.
[39]
Tadesse, S., & Muluye, W. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Education System in Developing Countries: A Review. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 159-170.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.810011
[40]
Tümen, A. S. (2020). College Students’ Views on the Pandemic Distance Education: A Focus Group Discussion. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4, 322-334. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.150
[41]
Worldometer (2022). Countries Where COVID-19 Has Spread.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/countries-where-coronavirus-has-spread/
[42]
Zhu, M., Bonk, C., & Sari, A. R. (2018). Instructor Experiences Designing MOOCs in Higher Education: Pedagogical, Resource, and Logistical Considerations and Challenges. Online Learning Journal, 22, 204-241. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i4.1495
