帕金森病的致病因素及治疗
Pathogenic Factors and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

DOI: 10.12677/BP.2021.114008, PP. 67-75

Keywords: 帕金森病，α-突触核蛋白，运动功能障碍，康复治疗
Parkinson’s Disease, α-Synuclein, Motor Dysfunction, Rehabilitation Therapy

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Abstract:

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)，是继阿兹海默症之后的第二大神经退行性疾病。据统计，全球超过一半的帕金森病患者都是中国人，帕金森病已经成为继心血管疾病、肿瘤之后的我国中老年人的第三杀手。根据起源，该病主要分遗传性和特发性两种。帕金森病患者神经病理学特征常表现为大脑黑质区域多巴胺能神经元的缺失和特定神经元内α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)的沉积。帕金森病主要表现为一系列的运动功能障碍，如震颤、僵直、姿势和步态异常等。帕金森病的发病机理涉及多种因素，如线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、神经炎症等，现在仍然未有定论，因此也未有药物可以完全的抑制疾病的进程和治愈疾病，现多用左旋多巴和多巴胺激动剂治疗PD，也会辅助一些物理康复治疗。所以，如何在多致病因素的情况下寻找到治疗的有效方法是未来研究中的大挑战，同时也是研究的热点。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. According to statistics, more than half of the patients with Parkinson’s disease in the world are Chinese. Parkinson’s disease has become the third killer of middle-aged and elderly people in China after cardiovascular diseases and tumors. According to the origin, the disease is mainly divided into hereditary and idiopathic. The neuropathological characteristics of patients with Parkinson’s disease are often manifested in the absence of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and α-Synuclein deposition in specific neurons. Parkinson’s disease is mainly characterized by a series of motor dysfunction, such as tremor, stiffness, abnormal posture and gait and so on. The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease involves many factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, etc. There is still no final conclusion. Therefore, there is no drug that can completely inhibit the process of the disease and cure the disease. Now, levodopa and dopamine agonists are used to treat PD, and some physical rehabilitation treatments will also be assisted. Therefore, how to find an effective treatment in the case of multiple pathogenic factors is not only a great challenge in future research, but also a research hotspot.

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