Comparing the effects of self and expert models observation on performance and learning of futsal side foot pass

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of self and expert models observation on performance and learning of futsal side foot pass. Therefore, 36 non-athlete female students (mean age=21±2.5 yr.) were selected and assigned randomly to the expert model, self-observation, and control (without model) groups. After instruction, participants performed pretest and practiced the skill after receiving the related models (videotape of their last session or an expert player) for 4 sessions. The control group practiced without modeling. In the last session, acquisition test and after a week, retention (in the same condition) and transfer tests (with spectators) were performed without modeling. Movement pattern was measured by a researcher-made scale. The results of 3*4 ANOVA with repeated measures of test factor indicated that acquisition and transfer of expert model group was better than others (p<.05) and modeling had not the significant effect on movement pattern of futsal side foot pass skill in retention test (p>.05). According to the results, futsal instructors have to demonstrate an expert model to teach movement patterns of simple skills in early stages of learning