| [1] | Abernathy, G. (2017, July 21). In Trump Country, Russia Just Isn’t Big News. Here’s Why. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/in-trump-country-russia-just-isnt-big-news-heres-
why/2017/07/21/8514f49e-6cc3-11e7-9c15-177740635e83_story.html
|
| [2] | Abernathy, S. F. (2005). School Choice and the Future of American Democracy. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.132241
|
| [3] | Albertson, B. L. (2006). Dog-Whistle Politics, Coded Communication, and Religious Appeals. American Political Science Association and International Society of Political Psychology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
|
| [4] | Allen, G. (2015, June 26). Univision Cuts Ties with Trump after Comments about Immigrants. NPR.org.
https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/25/417586527/
univision-cuts-ties-with-trump-after-comments-about-immigrants
|
| [5] | Associated Press (2017, May 9). Wisconsin Voter ID Law Proved Insurmountable for Many Voters.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wisconsin-voter-id-law-turned-voters-estimate/
|
| [6] | Banks, A. J. (2014). Anger and Racial Politics: The Emotional Foundation of Racial Attitudes in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107279247
|
| [7] | Banks, A. J., & Bell, M. A. (2013). Racialized Campaign Ads: The Emotional Content in Implicit Racial Appeals Primes White Racial Attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 77, 549-560. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nft010
|
| [8] | Banks, A. J., & Hicks, H. M. (2016). Fear and Implicit Racism: Whites’ Support for Voter ID Laws. Political Psychology, 37, 641-658.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12292
|
| [9] | BBC News (2016, July 8). Dallas Shooting: Gunman “Wanted to Kill Whites” Says Police Chief.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36745862
|
| [10] | Bobo, L. (2017). Racism in Trump’s America: Reflections on Culture, Sociology, and the 2016 US Presidential Election. British Journal of Sociology, 68, 87-104.
|
| [11] | Bonilla-Silva, E. (2018). Racism without Racists (5th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
|
| [12] | Bowler, S., & Segura, G. M. (2012). The Future Is Ours: Minority Politics, Political Behavior, and the Multiracial Era of American Politics. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
|
| [13] | Bowler, S., Nicholson, S. P., & Segura, G. M. (2006). Earthquakes and Aftershocks: Race, Direct Democracy, and Partisan Change. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 146-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00175.x
|
| [14] | Brader, T. (2006). Campaigning for Hearts and Minds: How Emotional Appeals in Political Ads Work. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226788302.001.0001
|
| [15] | Braker-Walters, B. (2014). Informational Text and the Common Core: A Content Analysis of Three Basal Reading Programs. Sage OPEN, 4.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014555119
|
| [16] | Brewster, J. (2020, October 1). Report: Trump Officials Were Directed to Defend Kyle Rittenhouse Publicly, Documents Show. Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackbrewster/2020/10/01/report-trump-officials-were-directed-to
-defend-kyle-rittenhouse-publicly-documents-show/?sh=42f31e4b6eeb
|
| [17] | Brown, J. A. (2016a). The New “Southern Strategy:” Immigration, Race, and “Welfare Dependency” in Contemporary US Republican Political Discourse. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 8, 22-41.
|
| [18] | Brown, J. A. (2016b). Running on Fear: Immigration, Race and Crime Framings in Contemporary GOP Presidential Debate Discourse. Critical Criminology, 24, 315-331.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-016-9317-8
|
| [19] | Capeheart, J. (2017, July 6). Trump’s White-Nationalist Dog Whistles in Warsaw. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2017/07/06/trumps
-white-nationalist-dog-whistles-in-warsaw/?utm_term=.edebeb659d7d
|
| [20] | Cepeda, E. J. (2018, May 30). We Can All Hear Trump’s Dog Whistles to Racists. Al Día.
https://aldianews.com/articles/opinion/we-can-all-hear-trumps-dog-whistles-racists/52801
|
| [21] | Chance, S. E., & Glickauf-Hughes, C. (1995). Understanding and Differentiating Clients’ Positive Feelings in Psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 49, 514-525.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1995.49.4.514
|
| [22] | Chavez, L. R. (2001). Covering Immigration: Popular Images and the Politics of a Nation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
|
| [23] | Chavez, M., Whiteford, S., & Hoewe, J. (2010). Reporting on Immigration: A Content Analysis of Major U.S. Newspapers’ Coverage of Mexican Immigration. Norteamérica, 5, 111-125.
|
| [24] | Cilizza, C. (2017, August 23). Donald Trump’s 57 Most Outrageous Quotes from His Arizona Speech. CNN.com.
https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/23/politics/donald-trump-arizona/index.html
|
| [25] | Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). New York: Routledge.
|
| [26] | Cohn, N. (2017, March 28). A 2016 Review: Turnout Wasn’t the Driver of Clinton’s Defeat. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/28/upshot/a-2016-review-
turnout-wasnt-the-driver-of-clintons-defeat.html
|
| [27] | Collins, B., & Zadrozny, B. (2020, September 29). Proud Boys Celebrate after Trump’s debate Callout. NBC News.
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/proud-boys-celebrate-after-trump-s-debate-call-out-n1241512
|
| [28] | Cornielle, O., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Buidin, G. (2001). Threat and the Group Attribution Error: When Threat Elicits Judgments of Extremity and Homogeneity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 437-446.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201274005
|
| [29] | Council on American-Islamic Relations (2018). 2018 Civil Rights Report: Targeted.
http://www.islamophobia.org/reports/224-2018-civil-rights-report-targeted.html
|
| [30] | Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Emotion-Based Dispositions to Rash Action: Positive and Negative Urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 807-828.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013341
|
| [31] | Dawsey, J. (2018, January 12). Trump Derides Protections for Immigrants from “Shithole” Countries. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-
from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c
-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html
|
| [32] | de Vogue, A. (2016, October 31). NAACP Files Suit in North Carolina on Voting Registration Purge. CNN.com.
https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/31/politics/naacp-north-carolina-voting-registration-purge/
|
| [33] | DeGroot, L., Emamdjomeh, A., Menezes, R., & Pesce, A. (2016, November 10). How Donald Trump Really Won the White House. Los Angeles Times.
http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-na-pol-us-election-results-by-county/
|
| [34] | DelReal, J. A., & Sullivan, S. (2016, October 30). “Jew-S-A!” Chant Is Latest Reminder of White Supremacist Support for Trump. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-campaign-manager-condemns-rally-supporter-
who-chanted-jew-s-a/2016/10/30/92e73622-9ee2-11e6-8832-23a007c77bb4_story.html?utm_term=.9acdd9508929
|
| [35] | Desmond-Harris, J. (2014, March 15). 8 Sneaky Racial Code Words and Why Politicians Love Them. The Root.
https://www.theroot.com/8-sneaky-racial-code-words-and-why-politicians-love-the-1790874941
|
| [36] | Diamond, J. (2015, December 8). Donald Trump: Ban All Muslim Travel to U.S. CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/index.html
|
| [37] | DiAngelo, R. (2018). White Fragility. Boston, MA: Beacon.
|
| [38] | Domke, D. (2001). Racial Cues and Political Ideology: An Examination of Associative Priming. Communication Research, 28, 772-801.
https://doi.org/10.1177/009365001028006003
|
| [39] | Ehrlichman, J. (1982). Witness to Power: The Nixon Years. New York: Simon and Schuster.
|
| [40] | Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy. New York: Stuart.
|
| [41] | Elo, S., & Kingas, H. (2007). The Qualitative Content Analysis Process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 107-115.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
|
| [42] | Fabian, J. (2020, October 1). Trump Says He Condemns Proud Boys and White Supremacists. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
https://www.post-gazette.com/news/vote2020/2020/10/01/Trump-says-he-condemns-
Proud-Boys-and-white-supremacists/stories/202010010195
|
| [43] | Fernández, C., & Pedroza, L. R. (1982). The Border Patrol and News Media Coverage of Undocumented Mexican Immigration during the 1970s: A Quantitative Content Analysis in the Sociology of Knowledge. California Sociologist, 5, 1-26.
|
| [44] | Finnegan, M., & Bierman, N. (2016, March 13). Trump’s Endorsement of Violence Reaches New Level: He May Pay Legal Fees for Assault Suspect. Los Angeles Times.
https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-campaign-protests-20160313-story.html
|
| [45] | Forgas, J. P. (2008). Affect and Cognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 94-101.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00067.x
|
| [46] | Fowler, M., Medenica, V. F., & Cohen, C. J. (2017, December 15). Why 41 Percent of White Millennials Voted for Trump. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/12/15/
racial-resentment-is-why-41-percent-of-white-millennials-voted-for-trump-in-
2016/?utm_term=.974ddad6181f
|
| [47] | Fraga, B. L., McElwee, S., Rhodes, J., & Schaffner, B. (2017, May 8). Why Did Trump Win? More Whites—And Fewer Blacks—Actually Voted. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/08/why-did-trump-win-
more-whites-and-fewer-blacks-than-normal-actually-voted/?utm_term=.d04d7b95dee8
|
| [48] | Freeman, B. C. (2017). Claims, Frames, and Blame: Coverage of Climate Change in ASEAN’s English-Language Newspapers, 2002-2012. Sage OPEN, 7.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016675199
|
| [49] | Freud, S. (1961). Civilization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
|
| [50] | Fusarelli, L. D. (2003). The Political Dynamics of School Choice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403973740
|
| [51] | Gabbatt, A. (2015, June 16). Donald Trump’s Tirade on Mexico’s “Drugs and Rapists” Outrages US Latinos. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/16/donald-trump-mexico-presidential-speech-latino-hispanic
|
| [52] | Gehlert, K. M., Pinke, J., & Segal, R. (2014). A Trainee’s Guide to Conceptualizing Countertransference in Marriage and Family Therapy Supervision. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 22, 7-16.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480713504894
|
| [53] | Gertz, M. (2017, April 19). NFL Census 2016. ProFootballLogic.com.
http://www.profootballlogic.com/articles/nfl-census-2016/
|
| [54] | Gilchrist, T. E. (2018, August 14). Twitter Responds to Trump’s Racist/Misogynistic “Dog” Whistle. The Advocate.
https://www.advocate.com/politics/2018/8/14/twitter-responds-
trumps-racistmisogynistic-dog-whistle
|
| [55] | Greenberg, L. S. (2012). Emotions, the Great Captains of Our Lives: Their Role in the Process of Change in Psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 67, 697-707.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029858
|
| [56] | Greene, J. (2013). Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap between Us and Them. New York: Penguin Press.
|
| [57] | Haidt, J. (2006). The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom. New York: Basic Books.
|
| [58] | Haidt, J. (2012). The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York: Vintage Books.
|
| [59] | Hall, K., Goldstein, D. M., & Ingram, M. B. (2016). The Hands of Donald Trump: Entertainment, Gesture, Spectacle. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6, 71-100.
https://doi.org/10.14318/hau6.2.009
|
| [60] | Hanley López, I. (2014). Dog Whistle Politics. New York: Oxford.
|
| [61] | Hanley López, I. (2016, November 10). This Is How Trump Convinces His Supporters They’re Not Racist. The Nation.
https://www.thenation.com/article/this-is-how-trump-supporters-
convince-themselves-theyre-not-racist/
|
| [62] | Hofstadter, R. (1965). The Paranoid Style in American Politics. New York: Random House.
|
| [63] | Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (2005). Playing the Race Card in the Post-Willie Horton Era: The Impact of Racialized Code Words on Support for Punitive Crime Policy. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69, 99-112.
https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfi004
|
| [64] | Ioanide, P. (2015). The Emotional Politics of Racism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804795487
|
| [65] | Izard, C. E. (1977). Human Emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2209-0
|
| [66] | Jardina, A. (2019). White Identity Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157
|
| [67] | Karni, A., Haberman, M., & Ember, S. (2020, July 29). Trump Plays on Racist Fears of Terrorized Suburbs to Court White Voters. New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/us/politics/trump-suburbs-housing-white-voters.html
|
| [68] | Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas. New York: Nation Books.
|
| [69] | King, M., & Barrón-López, L. (2020, October 1). Trump Blames Low-Income People, Minorities for “Running” Suburbia. Politico.
https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/01/how-white-grievance-
politics-informs-trumps-campaign-playbook-424590
|
| [70] | Kopan, T. (2018, February 23). Arrests of Immigrants, Especially Non-Criminals, Way Up in Trump’s First Year. CNN.com.
https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/23/politics/trump-immigration-arrests-deportations/index.html
|
| [71] | Krippendorff, K. (2011). Computing Krippendorff’s Alpha-Reliability.
http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/43
|
| [72] | Krzywinski, M. (2016, October 20). Word Analysis of 2016 Presidential Debates—Clinton vs. Trump. British Columbia Genome Sciences Center.
http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/debates2016
|
| [73] | Lasch, C. N. (2016). Sanctuary Cities and Dog-Whistle Politics. New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement, 42, 159-190.
|
| [74] | Lassiter, M. D. (2006). The Silent Majority. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
|
| [75] | Lauter, D. (2016, November 11). Why Did Trump Win? Because Democrats Stayed Home. Los Angeles Times.
http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-election-turnout-20161111-story.html
|
| [76] | Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
|
| [77] | Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a Unifying Social Cognitive Theory of Career and Academic Interest, Choice, and Performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79-122.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
|
| [78] | Levin, J. (2013, December 19). The Welfare Queen. Slate.
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2013/12/linda_taylor_welfare_queen_
ronald_reagan_made_her_a_notorious_american_villain.html
|
| [79] | Levitz, E. (2016, July 12). Trump Criticizes Black Lives Matter for Its “Horrible” and “Divisive” Rhetoric. Intelligencer.
https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/07/trump-blm-protesters-use-horrible-rhetoric.html
|
| [80] | Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2013). The Rationalizing Voter. New York: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139032490
|
| [81] | Luhby, T. (2016, September 1). Trump Condemns Sanctuary Cities, but What Are They? CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/01/politics/sanctuary-cities-donald-trump/index.html
|
| [82] | Manganello, J., & Blake, N. (2010). A Study of Quantitative Content Analysis of Health Messages in U.S. Media from 1985 to 2005. Health Communication, 25, 387-396.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.483333
|
| [83] | Marable, M. (2007). Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction and Beyond in Black America, 1945-2006. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.
|
| [84] | Marcus, G. E., & MacKuen, M. B. (1993). Anxiety, Enthusiasm, and the Vote: The Emotional Underpinnings of Learning and Involvement during Presidential Campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87, 672-685.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2938743
|
| [85] | Marietta, M., & Barker, D. C. (2019). One Nation, Two Realities. New York: Oxford.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677176.001.0001
|
| [86] | Mathis-Lilley, B. (2016, June 18). A Continually Growing List of Violent Incidents at Trump Events. Slate.
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2016/03/02/a_list_of
_violent_incidents_at_donald_trump_rallies_and_events.html
|
| [87] | Mayring, P. (2014). Qualitative Content Analysis. Klagenfurt.
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-395173
|
| [88] | McCaskill, N. D. (2016, August 31). Trump Promises Wall and Massive Deportation Program. Politico.
https://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-immigration-address-arizona-227612
|
| [89] | McElwee, S. (2016, November 13). Yep, Race Really Did Trump Economics: A Data Dive on His Supporters Reveals Deep Racial Animosity. Salon.
https://www.salon.com/2016/11/13/yep-race-really-did-trump-economics-a-data-
dive-on-his-supporters-reveals-deep-racial-animosity/
|
| [90] | Mendelberg, T. (2001). The Race Card. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889181
|
| [91] | Mendelberg, T. (2008). Racial Priming Revived. Perspectives on Politics, 6, 109-123.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592708080092
|
| [92] | Morken, H., & Formicola, J. R. (1999). The Politics of School Choice. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
|
| [93] | Mutz, D. C. (2018). Status Threat, Not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 4330-4339.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718155115
|
| [94] | Nelson, T. E., & Kinder, D. R. (1996). Issue Frames and Group-Centrism in American public Opinion. Journal of Politics, 58, 1055-1078.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2960149
|
| [95] | Neuendorf, K. (2002). The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
|
| [96] | Neuman, W. R., Marcus, G. E., MacKuen, M., & Crigler, A. N. (2007). The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press.
|
| [97] | Neville, H. A., Awad, G. H., Brooks, J. E., Flores, M. P., & Bluemel, J. (2013). Color-Blind Racial Ideology. American Psychologist, 68, 455-466.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033282
|
| [98] | Ngai, M. (2013, February). Comprehensive Immigration Reform and the Elephant in the Room. Dissent Magazine.
https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/comprehensive-immigration-
reform-and-the-elephant-in-the-room
|
| [99] | Nimegeer, A., Patterson, C., & Hilton, S. (2019). Media Framing of Childhood Obesity: A Content Analysis of UK Newspapers from 1996 to 2014. BMJ Open, 9, e025646.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025646
|
| [100] | Nisbet, E., & Shanahan, J. (2004, December). MSRG Special Report: Restrictions on Civil Liberties, Views of Islam, & Muslim Americans. Media and Society Research Group, Cornell University.
http://media.portland.indymedia.org/media/2004/12/306504.pdf
|
| [101] | Nisbet, E., Ostman, R., & Shanahan, J. (2008). Shaping the Islamic Threat: The Influence of Ideology, Religiosity, and Media Use on Public Opinion toward Islam and Muslim Americans. In A. H. Sinno (Ed.), Muslims in Western Politics (pp. 161-199). Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press.
|
| [102] | Oliver, J. E., & Rahn, W. M. (2016). Rise of the “Trumpenvolk”: Populism in the 2016 election. The Annals of the American Academy, 667, 189-206.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716216662639
|
| [103] | Pandolfo, C. (2018, August 23). Journalists Accuse Trump of Blowing “Dog Whistle” in South Africa Land Seizure Tweet. Conservative Review.
https://www.theblaze.com/conservative-review/journalists-accuse-
trump-of-blowing-dog-whistle-in-south-africa-land-seizure-tweet
|
| [104] | Parker, A. (2016, March 10). Black Protester Is Sucker-Punched by White Donald Trump Supporter at Rally. New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/10/donald-trump-rally-protester/
|
| [105] | Pérez, E. O. (2016). Unspoken Politics: Implicit Attitudes and Political Thinking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316460078
|
| [106] | Phoenix, D. L. (2019). The Anger Gap: How Race Shapes Emotion in Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641906
|
| [107] | Potts, M. (2016, November 10). Donald Trump Won on White-Male Resentment—But Don’t Confuse That with the Working Class. The Nation.
https://www.thenation.com/article/donald-trump-won-on-white-
male-resentment-but-dont-confuse-that-with-the-working-class
|
| [108] | Preston, W. (1963). Aliens and Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903-1933. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
|
| [109] | Quintana, S. (2016, July 8). Hundreds Hold Peaceful Protest in San Francisco against Police Brutality. ABC News.
https://abc7news.com/black-lives-matter-police-brutality-shootings/1419707/
|
| [110] | Redlawsk, D. P., Civettini, A. J. W., & Lau, R. R. (2007). Affective Intelligence and Voting: Information Processing and Learning in a Campaign. In W. R. Neuman, G. E. Marcus, M. MacKuen, & A. N. Crigler (Eds.), The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior (pp. 1-23). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
|
| [111] | Roda, A., & Wells, A. S. (2013). School Choice Policies and Racial Segregation: Where White Parents’ Good Intentions, Anxiety, and Privilege Collide. American Journal of Education, 119, 261-293.
https://doi.org/10.1086/668753
|
| [112] | Rösch, A. G., Stanton, S. J., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2013). Implicit Motives Predict Affective Responses to Emotional Expressions. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 985.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00985
|
| [113] | Rothstein, D. (2017). The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
|
| [114] | Rothwell, J. T., & Diego-Rosell, P. (2016, November 6). Explaining Nationalist Political Views: The Case of Donald Trump. Social Science Research Network.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2822059
|
| [115] | Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage Books.
|
| [116] | Sargent, G. (2017, May 1). Why Did Trump Win? New Research by Democrats Offers a Worrisome Answer. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2017/05/01/why-did-trump-win-
new-research-by-democrats-offers-a-worrisome-answer/?utm_term=.52bcb6bf4b9a
|
| [117] | Saul, J. (2016, December 5). Why Did Donald Trump Win? Just Visit Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Newsweek.
http://www.newsweek.com/2016/12/16/donald-trump-
pennsylvania-win-luzerne-county-527861.html
|
| [118] | Saunders, G. (2016). Trump Days: Who Are All These Trump Supporters? New Yorker.
|
| [119] | Schaffner, B. F., MacWilliams, M., & Nteta, T. (2017, January). Explaining White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism. Paper Presented at the Conference on the U.S. Elections of 2016: Domestic and International Aspects, Herzliya, Israel.
https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12737
|
| [120] | Schaffner, B. F., MacWilliams, M., & Nteta, T. (2018). Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism. Political Science Quarterly, 133, 9-34.
https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12737
|
| [121] | Schiller, B. (2016, November 9). Why Did Trump Win? The Economy, Stupid. Los Angeles Times.
http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-schiller-trump-victory-economy-20161109-story.html
|
| [122] | Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., & Bobo, L. (1996). Racism, Conservatism, Affirmative Action, and Intellectual Sophistication: A Matter of Principled Conservatism or Group Dominance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 476-490.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.476
|
| [123] | Siegler, K. (2016, March 18). Trump Picks up Sheriff Joe Arpaio’s Endorsement before Arizona Primary. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/2016/03/18/470925848/trump-picks-up-
anti-immigration-endorsement-before-arizona-primary
|
| [124] | Silver, N. (2016, November 22). Education, Not Income, Predicted Who Would Vote for Trump. FiveThirtyEight.
http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/education-not-income-predicted-who-would-vote-for-trump/
|
| [125] | Slocum, F. (2001). White Racial Attitudes and Implicit Racial Appeals: An Experimental Study of “Race Coding” in Political Discourse. Politics & Policy, 29, 651-669.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2001.tb00609.x
|
| [126] | Smith, D. N., & Hanley, E. (2018). The Anger Games: Who Voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 Election, and Why? Critical Sociology, 44, 195-212.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920517740615
|
| [127] | Smith, T. W. (1987). That Which We Call Welfare by Any Other Name Would Smell Sweeter: An Analysis of the Impact of Question Wording on Response Patterns. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 75-83.
https://doi.org/10.1086/269015
|
| [128] | Stemler, S. (2000). An Overview of Content Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 7, Article 17.
|
| [129] | Stevenson, P. W. (2016, January 15). Trump Embraces His Anger. And Really, Why Wouldn’t He? Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/01/15/donald-
trump-embraces-the-mantle-of-anger-and-why-wouldnt-he-video/
|
| [130] | Struyk, R. (2017, August 15). By the Numbers: 7 Charts That Explain Hate Groups in the U.S. CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/14/politics/charts-explain-us-hate-groups/index.html
|
| [131] | Sue, D. W. (2011). The Challenge of White Dialectics: Making the “Invisible” Visible. Counseling Psychologist, 39, 415-422.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000010390702
|
| [132] | Tesler, M. (2015). The Conditions Ripe for Racial Spillover Effects. Advances in Political Psychology, 36, 101-117.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12246
|
| [133] | Tesler, M. (2016a). Post-Racial or Most-Racial? Race and Politics in the Obama Era. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226353159.001.0001
|
| [134] | Tesler, M. (2016b, August 22). Economic Anxiety Isn’t Driving Racial Resentment. Racial Resentment Is Driving Economic Anxiety. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/08/22/economic-anxiety-
isnt-driving-racial-resentment-racial-resentment-is-driving-economic-anxiety/?utm_term=.026c406f09ef
|
| [135] | Thompson, D. (2018, March 8). Busting the Myth of “Welfare Makes People Lazy”. The Atlantic.
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2018/03/welfare-childhood/555119/
|
| [136] | Trende, S., & Byler, D. (2017, January 20). How Trump Won—Conclusions. RealClearPolitics.
https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2017/01/20/how_trump_won_--_conclusions_132846.html
|
| [137] | Valentino, N. A., Neuner, F. G., & Vandenbroek, L. M. (2018). The Changing Norms of Racial Political Rhetoric and the End of Racial Priming. Journal of Politics, 80, 757-771. https://doi.org/10.1086/694845
|
| [138] | Vokey, M., Tefft, B., & Tysiaczny, C. (2013). An Analysis of Hyper-Masculinity in Magazine Advertisements. Sex Roles, 68, 562-576.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0268-1
|
| [139] | Wells, A. S., & Roda, A. (2016). The Impact of Political Context on the Questions Asked and Answered: The Evolution of Education Research on Racial Inequality. Review of Research in Education, 40, 62-93.
https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16681758
|
| [140] | White, D. (2016, February 1). Donald Trump Tells Crowd to “Knock the Crap Out of” Hecklers. Time.
https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/
|
| [141] | White, I. K. (2007). When Race Matters and When It Doesn’t: Racial Group Differences in Response to Racial Cues. American Political Science Review, 101, 339-354.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070177
|
| [142] | Wines, M. (2016, October 25). As ID Laws Fall, Voters See New Barriers Rise. New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/26/us/elections/voter-id-laws.html
|
| [143] | Wise, A. (2020, August 31). Trump Defends Kenosha Shooting Suspect. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/08/31/
908137377/trump-defends-kenosha-shooting-suspect
|
| [144] | Wood, T. (2017, April 17). Racism Motivated Trump Voters More than Authoritarianism. Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/17/racism-motivated-trump
-voters-more-than-authoritarianism-or-income-inequality/?utm_term=.0e2659bcf776
|
| [145] | Yalom, I. (2005). Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York: Basic Books.
|
| [146] | Yan, H., & Park, M. (2016, September 23). Charlotte Police Shooting: Protests Mostly Peaceful. CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/23/us/charlotte-protests/index.html
|
| [147] | Zhong, W. (2016, April 14). The Candidates in Their Own Words: A Textual Analysis of 2016 Presidential Primary Debates. American Enterprise Institute.
https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/
04/The-candidates-in-their-own-words.pdf
|
