Mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor locating at hepatic or hepatobiliary cells and presents a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC morbidity is approximately 850,000 new cases per year (1). Epidemiological statistics in recent years have shown that over 80% of HCC occurred in eastern Asia and southern Africa, where the morbidity exceeds 2‰. In developed countries, the average morbidity is 1–2‰ in southern Europe, while it is less than 0.5‰ in northern Europe, Oceania and America (2-4)