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-  2019 

Higher Risk of Light-Induced Retinal Damage Due to Increase of Intraocular Irradiance by Endoillumination

DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0157-3

Keywords: Endoillumination, Intraocular illumination, Light hazard, Light-induced retinal damage, Light toxicity, Pars plana vitrectomy

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Abstract:

Endoilluminators with two different angular distribution profiles in air (n?=?1.0) and 0.9% NaCl solution (n?=?1.33). In a (air) and b (water), a handheld 23G wide-angle endoilluminator from Geuder (GH) is illustrated. In c (air) and d (0.9% NaCl solution), a 23G spotlight endoilluminator from Alcon (AH) is imaged. The radiation angles are smaller in wate

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