Distinct multilevel misregulations of Parkin and PINK1 revealed in cell and animal models of TDP-43 proteinopathy

a, b qPCR analysis of the mRNA levels of Parkin and PINK1 in human 293T cells (a) and primary mouse neurons infected with wild-type hTDP-43 (b). c–e The endogenous mouse Parkin mRNA (c) and protein (d) levels of the cortical neurons derived from the hTDP-43Q331K mice are decreased compared to the non-transgenic sibling controls. Non-Tg non-transgenics, hTDP-43 transgenic human TDP-43, mTDP-43 endogenous mouse TDP-43. Parkin protein levels are normalized to Actin and plotted as percentage to controls in (e). Data are shown as means？±？SEM; n？=？3–5; *p？<？0.05; ns not significant; Student’s t-tes