STIL: a multi-function protein required for dopaminergic neural proliferation, protection, and regeneration

a Normally, STIL binds SUFU, releases SUFU’s suppression on GLI1, then GLI1 can be translocated to the nucleus for gene transcription. b When STIL is mutated, Shh down-stream signaling transduction cannot be completed because the SUFU-GLI1 heterodimers cannot enter the nucleus for gene transcription. (Modified from reference15