miR-21 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to mediate pyroptosis and endotoxic shock

a, b BMDMs were primed with 500？ng/ml LPS for 4？h and then stimulated or not with 5？mM ATP or 20？mM nigericin for 30？min. Lysates were immunoblotted for caspase-1, and supernatants were analyzed for IL-1β. c–h BMDMs were primed with 500？ng/ml LPS for 4？h and stimulated with ATP or nigericin for different lengths of time. Lysates were immunoblotted for caspase-1 (c, d), and supernatants were analyzed for IL-1β (e, f) and LDH (g, h). i, j, k BMDMs were transfected with Lipo3000 (mock) or dsDNA as described in the Methods section. Lysates were immunoblotted for caspase-1 (i), and supernatants were analyzed for IL-1β (j) and LDH (k). The data represent the mean？±？SD of one among three biological replicates, with three technical replicates each (*P？<？0.05; **P？<？0.01; Student’s t test