Expression of UPR effector proteins ATF6 and XBP1 reduce colorectal cancer cell proliferation and stemness by activating PERK signaling

a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for XBP1(s) and downstream target genes upon induction of XBP1(s) expression. b Protein level of XBP1(s) and GRP78 in LS174T XBP1(s)Tet On cells. Cells were incubated for 0, 1 or 3？h with thapsigargin 200？nM. Note that transgenic XBP1(s) had a slightly lower molecular weight than endogenous XBP1(s). c Immunostaining of XBP1 in LS174T XBP1(s)Tet On cells. d Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for ATF61–373 and downstream target genes upon induction of ATF61–373 expression. e Protein level of GRP78 in LS174T ATF61–373 Tet On cells. Cells were treated with vehicle or doxycycline 1？μg/mL for 18？h. All data are shown as means？±？SEM. *P？<？0.05, **P？<？0.01, ***P？<？0.00