Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits both NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and JNK-mediated mature IL-1β secretion in 5-fluorouracil-treated MDSC: implication in cancer treatment

a MSC-2 were treated by 5-FU (1？μM) for 24？h ±DHA (20 to 60？μM) and cell culture media were collected for analysis of IL-1β concentration by ELISA. Error bars represent mean？±？SD from four independent experiments. b Analysis of IL-1β secretion by ELISA in MSC-2 treated with 5-FU (1？μM) for 24？h ±DHA, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), oleic (OA), and linoleic (LA) acids at 60？μM. Error bars represent mean？±？SD from 3 to 6 independent experiments. c Analysis of IL-1β mRNA expression, by RT-qPCR, in MSC-2 treated for 12 and 24？h with 5-FU ±DHA (60？μM). Error bars represent mean？±？SD from three independent experiments. d Expression of IL-1β mRNA, by RT-qPCR, in MSC-2 treated for 12？h with 5-FU ±Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Error bars represent mean？±？SD from three independent experiments. e Determination of plasma IL-1β content in EL4 tumor-bearing mice fed control (ctrl) or DHA-enriched diet, initiated 7 days prior to a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (50？mg/kg). Plasma was collected 48？h after the injection of 5-FU. f Monitoring of tumor growth in mice fed a ctrl diet (n？=？8, black) or DHA-enriched diet (n？=？9, purple) and in mice treated with a single 5-FU injection (50？mg/kg; blue arrow) and fed a ctrl diet (n？=？9, gray) or DHA-enriched diet (n？=？9, red). Error bars represent mean？±？SEM. *p？<？0.05; **p？<？0.01; ***p？<？0.001; ****p？<？0.0001; ns nonsignifican