Pristimerin induces apoptosis and autophagy via activation of ROS/ASK1/JNK pathway in human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo

a MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with various concentrations of pristimerin for 24, 48, and 72？h. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. b The effect of pristimerin on normal human breast epithelial cells of the MCF-10A line is shown. c The results from the colony formation assay of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells after pristimerin treatment are shown. d MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with pristimerin for 24？h, and the cell cycle distribution percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry. e The cells were treated with various concentrations of pristimerin for 24？h, and the expression of cell cycle-regulated proteins was detected by Western blotting. Results from three independent experiments are presented. *P？<？0.05, **P？<？0.01 and ***P？<？0.001 versus control, #P？<？0.05, ##P？<？0.01 and ###P？<？0.001 versus pristimerin treatmen