High-density lipoproteins attenuate high glucose-impaired endothelial cell signaling and functions: potential implications for improved vascular repair in diabetes

HDL attenuates dextrose-induced inhibition of HUVEC proliferation. a Cell proliferation was determined after cells were incubated with dextrose (5.7, 20 and 40 mM) or dextrose plus HDL (80 μg/mL) for 96 h using BrdU incorporation. 2.5% FBS (control) and 15% FBS (positive control) treatments were also included. b Protein levels of PCNA were determined in HUVEC lysates incubated with dextrose (5.7, 20 and 40 mM) or dextrose plus HDL (80 μg/mL) for 72 h using Western blotting. β-Actin was used as the protein loading control. Data shown are the mean ± SEM of results from three independent experiments. #p < 0.05 relative to the respective control (cells in MCDB medium containing 2.5% FBS). *p < 0.05 relative to the dextrose only treatments at the same concentratio