The Effect of Intravenous Fentanyl and Bupivacaine Infiltration on the Hemodynamic Respons During Mayfield Skull Clamps Fixation in Neurosurgery

In Group B the mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured in Induction was 83.0mmHg (SD± 11.6mmHg), after onset of local anesthesia MAP was 79.7mmHg (SD±7.1mmHg), upon insertion of Mayfield skull pins (MSP), it was 113.3 mmHg (SD±8.1 mmHg), 2 minutes after insertion it was 116.1mmHg (SD±5.8 mmHg) and four minutes after insertion MAP was 93.0 mmHg (SD ±2.8mmHg). Between the blood pressure values measured at different times of the B group we have earned the distinction with important statistical significance (P<0.0001) have had an increase in blood pressure upon insertion of the MSP. (Table 1 and Figure1) In Group FB the mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured in Induction was 77.8mmHg (SD ± 10.6mmHg), after onset of local anesthesia MAP was 75.8mmHg (SD±6.7 mmHg), upon insertion of Mayfield skull pins (MSP), MAP was 79.7 mmHg (SD±6.2mmHg), 2 minutes after insertion it was 78.6 mmHg (SD ± 5.5 mmHg) and four minutes after insertion MAP was 76.9 mmHg (SD ± 5.7 mmHg). Between the blood pressure values measured at different times of the FB group we have not earned the distinction with important statistical significance (P > 0.05) have had an increase in blood pressure upon insertion of the MSP. Mean arterial pressure remained stable all the time (Table 1 and Figure 1). In Group F the mean heart rate per minute measured in Induction was 85.3 (SD ± 10.7) beats/min, after onset of local anesthesia it was 81.8 (SD ± 4.6)/min, upon insertion of Mayfield skull pins (MSP) 93.6 (SD ± 7.2)/min, 2 minutes after insertion it was 91.4 (SD±7.3)/min and four minutes after insertion was 85.2 (SD ±6.4)/min. Between the heart rate values measured at different times of the F group we have earned the distinction with important statistical significance (P < 0.05) have had an increase in heart rate upon insertion of the MSP. (Table 2 and Figure 2) In Group B the mean heart rate per minute measured in Induction was 77.3 (SD± 7.6) beats/min, after onset of local anesthesia it was 74.7 (SD±6.6)/min, upon insertion of Mayfield skull pins (MSP) was 88.7 (SD±8.4)/min, 2 minutes after insertion it was 80.9 (SD±4.5)/min and four minutes after insertion was 76.3 (SD ±3.8)/min. Between the heart rate values measured at different times of the B group we have earned the distinction with important statistical significance (P < 0.0001) have had an increase in heart rate upon insertion of the MSP. (Table 2 and Figure 2) In Group FB the mean heart rate per minute measured in Induction was 74.9 (SD ± 6.9) beats/min, after onset of local anesthesia it was 73.8 (SD ±6.5)/min, upon insertion of Mayfield