This article presents the hypothesis that the vacuum is endowed with a quantum structure; the vacuum particles would be Friedmann-Planck micro-universes. For this, the article introduces a quantization of a closed Friedmann universe, then a quantization of the photon spheres filling this universe. This approach gives a numerical value consistent with cosmological measurements for the current dark energy density of our Universe. Next, the article takes the content of a model published in Physics Essays in 2013 [1], assuming that elementary particles are Schwarzschild photon spheres; these could be derived from the Friedmann photon spheres composing the vacuum particles. It is further recalled that the model presents a unified structure of elementary particles and allows us to calculate the value of the elementary electric charge as well as the mass of the elementary particles.
References
[1]
Fèvre, R. (2013) Photons Self-Gravitating and Elementary Charge. Physics Essays, 26, 3-6. https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-26.1.3
[2]
Corda, C. (2009) Interferometric Detection if Gravitational Waves: The Definitive Test for General Relativity. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 18, 2275-2282. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271809015904
[3]
Fèvre, R. (2014) A Model of the Masses of Charged Leptons. Physics Essays, 27, 608-611. https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-27.4.608
[4]
Fèvre, R. (2019) Elementary Particle Masses: An Alternative to the Higgs Field. In: Leptons: Classes, Properties and Interactions, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge.
[5]
Landau, L. and Lifchitz, E. (1966) Théorie du Champ. Editions Mir, Moscou.
[6]
Andrasson, H., Fajam, D. and Thaller, M. (2017) Models for Self-Gravitating Photon Shells and Geons. Annales Henri Poincaré, 18, 681-705.
[7]
Davies, C. (1012) Standard Model Heavy Flavor Physics on the Lattice. Proceedings of Science, Lake Tahoe, 10-16 July 2011, 21 p.
[8]
Lifchitz, E. and Pitayevski, L. (1973) Théorie Quantique Relativiste. Editions Mir, Moscou.
