Purpose: The signals responsible for homeostasis in the periodontal complex are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5) in this process by removing LRP5, and observing the effects of LRP5 depletion on cells of the periodontal structures. Material and Methods: The function of this LRP5 was evaluated by conditional elimination of the LRP5 gene using an Osteocalcin Cre driver. The OCN-Cre;? mice were examined using micro-CT and histology, immunohistochemistry to evaluate the periodontal complex. Results: Elimination of LRP5 in the periodontal complex of OCN-Cre;??mice results in a different expression of Fibromodulin in the periodontal ligament space. A decrease in osteoclastic activity was found in the periodontal ligament. Conclusion: Osteoclastic activities are decreased and expression of fibromodulin is decreased, which implies the involvement of LRP5 in homeostasis of the periodontal ligament.
References
[1]
Gong, Y., Slee, R.B., Fukai, N., Rawadi, G., Roman-Roman, S., Reginato, A.M., et al. (2001) LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5) Affects Bone Accrual and Eye Development. Cell, 107, 513-523.
[2]
Boyden, L.M., Mao, J., Belsky, J., Mitzner, L., Farhi, A., Mitnick, M.A., Wu, D., Insogna, K. and Lifton, R.P. (2002) High Bone Density Due to a Mutation in LDL-Receptor-Related Protein 5. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 1513-1521. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013444
[3]
Little R.D., Carulli, J.P., Del Mastro, R.G., et al. (2002) A Mutation in the LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 Gene Results in the Autosomal Dominant High-Bone-Mass Trait. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1086/338450
[4]
Baron, R. and Kneissel, M. (2013) WNT Signaling in Bone Homeostasis and Disease: From Human Mutations to Treatments. Nature Medicine, 19, 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3074
[5]
Sawakami, K., Robling, A.G., Ai, M., Pitner, N.D., Liu, D., Warden, S.J., Li, J., Maye, P., Rowe, D.W., Duncan, R.L., Warman, M.L. and Turner, C.H. (2006) The Wnt Co-Receptor LRP5 Is Essential for Skeletal Mechanotransduction But Not for the Anabolic Bone Response to Parathyroid Hormone Treatment. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 23698-23711. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M601000200
[6]
Cui, Y., Niziolek, P.J., MacDonald, B.T., Zylstra, C.R., Alenina, N., Robinson, D.R., Zhong, Z., Matthes, S., Jacobsen, C.M., Conlon, R.A., Brommage, R., Liu, Q., Mseeh, F., Powell, D.R., Yang, Q.M., Zambrowicz, B., Gerrits, H., Gossen, J.A., He, X., Bader, M., Williams, B.O., Warman, M.L. and Robling, A.G. (2011) Lrp5 Functions in Bone to Regulate Bone Mass. Nature Medicine, 17, 684-691. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2388
[7]
Burgers, T.A. and Williams, B.O. (2013) Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling within and from Osteocytes. Bone, 54, 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.022
[8]
Babij, P., Zhao, W., Small, C., et al. (2003) High Bone Mass in Mice Expressing a Mutant LRP5 Gene. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 18, 960-974. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.6.960
[9]
Lim, W.H., Liu, B., Mah, S.J., Yin, X. and Helms, J.A. (2015) Alveolar Bone Turnover and Periodontal Ligament Width Are Controlled by Wnt. Journal of Periodontology, 86, 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.140286
[10]
Liu, J., Cui, Z., Wang, F., Yao, Y., Yu, G., Liu, J., Cao, D., Niu, S., You, M., Sun, Z., Lian, D., Zhao, T., Kang, Y., Zhao, Y., Xue, H.H. and Yu, S. (2019) Lrp5 and Lrp6 Are Required for Maintaining Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. The FASEB Journal, 33, 5615-5625. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201802072R
[11]
Movat, H.Z. (1955) Demonstration of All Connective Tissue Elements in a Single Section; Pentachrome Stains. AMA Archives of Pathology, 60, 289-295.
[12]
Chakravarti, S. (2002) Functions of Lumican and Fibromodulin: Lessons from Knockout Mice. Glycoconjugate Journal, 19, 287-293. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025348417078
[13]
Lim, W.H., Liu, B., Hunter, D.J., Cheng, D., Mah, S.J. and Helms, J.A. (2014) Downregulation of Wnt Causes Root Resorption. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 146, 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.05.027
[14]
Lim, W.H., Liu, B., Mah, S.J., Chen, S. and Helms, J.A. (2014) The Molecular and Cellular Effects of Ageing on the Periodontal Ligament. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 41, 935-942. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12277
[15]
Lim, W.H., Liu, B., Cheng, D., Hunter, D.J., Zhong, Z., Ramos, D.M., Williams, B.O., Sharpe, P.T., Bardet, C., Mah, S.J. and Helms, J.A. (2014) Wnt Signaling Regulates Pulp Volume and Dentin Thickness. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29, 892-901. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2088
[16]
Zhao, L., Shim, J.W., Dodge, T.R., Robling, A.G. and Yokota, H. (2013) Inactivation of Lrp5 in Osteocytes Reduces Young’s Modulus and Responsiveness to the Mechanical Loading. Bone, 54, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.033
[17]
Rooker, S.M., Liu, B. and Helms, J.A. (2010) Role of Wnt Signaling in the Biology of the Periodontium. Developmental Dynamics, 239, 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22003
[18]
Nakaya, H., Oates, T.W., Hoang, A.M., Kamoi, K. and Cochran, D.L. (1997) Effects of Interleukin-1 Beta on Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Levels in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Journal of Periodontology, 68, 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1997.68.6.517