教育对主观幸福感的作用路径分析
The Path Analysis of the Effect of Education on Subjective Well-Being

DOI: 10.12677/AP.2019.94090, PP. 726-738

Keywords: 教育，幸福感，直接效应，间接效应
Education, Happiness, Direct Effect, Indirect Effect

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

采用2014年武汉市社会综合调查的数据，在建立结构方程模型的基础上，分析教育对个人幸福感产生影响的直接效应和间接效应。分析结果显示，教育本身能对幸福感产生直接的显著影响作用。把教育的间接效应分为经济效应和非经济效应(道德规范和包容度)。可以发现，接受较多教育可以通过提高人们的收入进而提升个人幸福感，教育的经济效应对个人幸福感发挥正向的提升作用。较高层次的教育水平却会降低人们的道德规范和对社会不平等现象的包容度，导致个人幸福感的降低。教育的非经济效益对个人幸福感发挥负向的降低作用。总体来看，教育对个人幸福感有着正向的显著提升作用。
Adopting the dataset of 2014 Wuhan General Social Survey, and conducting structural equation model, we analyzed the direct and indirect influence of education on happiness. Results show that education itself could affect happiness of people directly. It is found that more education results in higher income, which leads to improvement of happiness, while effect of education is divided into direct and indirect effect. But longer education year could not improve but descend the tolerance of moral rule and social inequality, which brings about incline of subjective well-being. Generally, more education gives rise to higher happiness.

References

[1]	边燕杰, 肖阳(2014). 中英居民主观幸福感比较研究. 社会学研究, 2, 22-42.
[2]	郭永玉, 李静(2009). 武汉市居民幸福感现状的调查与思考. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), (6), 136-140.
[3]	何立新, 潘春阳(2011). 破解中国的“Easterlin悖论”: 收入差距, 机会不均与居民幸福感. 管理世界, (8), 11-22.
[4]	黄嘉文(2013). 教育程度、收入水平与中国城市居民幸福感. 社会, 33(5), 181-203.
[5]	李树, 陈刚(2015). 幸福的就业效应——对幸福感, 就业和隐性再就业的经验研究. 经济研究, (3), 62.
[6]	理查德？伊斯特林, 等(2013). 中国的主观幸福感研究(1990-2010). 丁云, 么莹莹, 译. 国外理论动态, (7), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1990.31.9.24
[7]	刘军强, 熊谋林, 苏阳(2012). 经济增长时期的国民幸福感——基于CGSS数据的追踪研究. 中国社会科学, (12), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2011.05930.x
[8]	苗元江(2011). 跨越与发展——主观幸福感的过去, 现在与未来. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), (5), 122-128.
[9]	丘海雄, 李敢(2012). 国外多元视野“幸福”观研析. 社会学研究, (2), 224-241.
[10]	邢占军(2006). 城乡居民主观生活质量比较研究初探. 社会, (1), 130-141.
[11]	邢占军, 张羽(2007). 社会支持与主观幸福感关系研究综述. 心理科学, (6), 1436-1438.
[12]	Berkman, L. F., & Kawachi, I. (2000). Social Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
[13]	Borghesi, S., & Vercelli, A. (2012). Happiness and Health: Two Paradoxes. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26, 203-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00635.x
[14]	Carr, D., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Schwarz, N. (2014). Happy Marriage, Happy Life? Marital Quality and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76, 930-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12133
[15]	Chiang, H. H., Lin, L., & Lee, T. S. (2015). Psychometric Integrity of the Chinese Happiness Inventory among Retired Older People in Taiwan. Japan Geriatrics Society, No. 7, 1-8.
[16]	Clark, A. E., & Oswald, A. J. (2002). A Simple Statistical Method for Measuring How Life Events Affect Happiness. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.6.1139
[17]	Cloutier, S., & Pfeiffer, D. (2015). Sustainability through Happiness: A Framework for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development, 23, 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1593
[18]	Crocker, R. K. (2002). Learning Outcomes: A Critical Review of the State of the Field in Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Education Statistics Council.
[19]	De Mello, L., & Tiongson, E. R. (2009). What Is the Value of (My and My Family’s) Good Health? Kyklos, 62, 594-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00453.x
[20]	Diener, E. (1984). Most People Are Happy. Psychological Science, 96, 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00354.x
[21]	Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most People Are Happy. Psychological Science, 96, 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00354.x
[22]	Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2002). Very Happy People. Psychological Science, 13, 81-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00415
[23]	Easterlin, R. A. (1974). Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? In P. A. David, & M. W. Reder (Eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz (pp. 89-125). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7
[24]	Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., & van Praag, B. M. S. (2002). The Subjective Costs of Health Losses Due to Chronic Diseases: An Alternative Model for Monetary Appraisal. Health Economics, 11, 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.696
[25]	Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
[26]	Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large Social Network: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham Heart Study. BMJ, 337, a2338. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2338
[27]	Frey, B., & Stutzer, A. (2002). What Can Economists Learn from Happiness Research? Journal of Economic Literature, 40, 402-435. https://doi.org/10.1257/002205102320161320
[28]	Gilead, T. (2012). Rousseau, Happiness, and the Economic Approach to Education. Education Theory, 62, 267-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00446.x
[29]	Helliwell, J. F. (2008). Life Satisfaction and Quality of Development. NBER Working Paper 14507. https://doi.org/10.3386/w14507
[30]	Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2009). The Contribution of Social Relationships to Children’s Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 329-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-007-9083-0
[31]	Hui, C. H., & Villareal, M. J. (1989). Individualism-Collectivism and Psychological Needs: Their Relationships in Two Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20, 310-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022189203005
[32]	Kamp Dush, C. M., Taylor, M. G., & Kroeger, R. A. (2008). Marital Happiness and Psychological Well-Being across the Life Course. Family Relations, 57, 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00495.x
[33]	Kroll, C. (2013). Global Development and Happiness: How Can Data on Subjective Wellbeing Inform Development Theory and Practice? Institute of Development Studies, IDS Working Paper 432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00432.x
[34]	Layard, P. R., & Layard, R. (2011). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. New York: Penguin.
[35]	Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. London: Penguin Books.
[36]	Lee, K. S., & Ono, H. (2012). Marriage, Cohabitation, and Happiness: A Cross-National Analysis of 27 Countries. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74, 953-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01001.x
[37]	Leyden, K. M., Goldberg, A., & Michelbach, P. (2011). Understanding the Pursuit of Happiness in Ten Major Cities. Urban Affairs Review, 47, 861-888. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087411403120
[38]	Lucas, R. E., & Dyrenforth, P. S. (2006). Does the Existence of Social Relationships Matter for Subjective Well-Being? Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes (pp. 254-273). New York: Guilford Press.
[39]	McMahon, D. M. (2006). Happiness: A History. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
[40]	Michalos, A. C. (2008). Education, Happiness and Wellbeing. Social Indicators Research, 87, 347-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9144-0
[41]	Selim, S. (2008). Life Satisfaction and Happiness in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 88, 531-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9218-z
[42]	Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J. P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, Paris.
[43]	Veenhoven, R. (2015). Social Conditions for Human Happiness: A Review of Research. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 379-391. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12161
[44]	Vinson, T., & Ericson, M. (2014). The Social Dimensions of Happiness and Life Satisfaction of Australians: Evidence from the World Values Survey. International Journal of Social Welfare, 23, 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12062
[45]	Vinson, T., Brown, N., Graham, K., & Stanley, F. (2009). A Compendium of Social Inclusion Indicators: How’s Australia Faring? Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
[46]	Warnick, B. R. (2009). Dilemmas of Autonomy and Happiness: Harry Brighouse on Subjective Wellbeing and Education. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 89-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878508099751
[47]	Witter, D., Okun, M. A., Stock, W. A., & Haring, M. J. (1984). Education and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 6, 165-173. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737006002165
[48]	Yew-Kwang, N. G. (2008). Happiness Studies: Ways to Improve Comparability and Some Public Policy Implications. The Economic Record, 84, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2008.00466.x

Full-Text