In interventional medical procedures,
other than the highly important issue of optimizing image quality and patient
exposure using the primary beam, there remains a continuing need for the study
of staff exposure from the scattered radiation. Herein, investigation is made
of the 3D stray-radiation distribution, the simulation being made of a
realistic interventional scenario through use of the Monte Carlo code Geant4
(version 10.3). The simulation is conducted based on the high definition
reference Korean-man (HDRK-man) computational phantom and a GE Infinia 3/8” C-arm machine, focusing on the effect of variation
of kVp and field of view (FoV) on the scattered particles’ spatial
distribution. With direct measurement of the absorbed dose remaining
challenging, not least in respect of the organs at risk, we computed the
scatter fractions,
defined as the ratio of the air kerma free-in-air to the entrance surface air
kerma (ESAK), which are both easily quantifiable. Scatter fraction
distributions were simulated for X-ray tube outputs (and half-value layers,
HVL) of 60 kVp (2.3mm Al),
80kVp
(3.2mm Al)
and 120 kVp (4.3mm Al)
and FoV of 15, 20, 25 and 30
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