%0 Journal Article
%T Monte Carlo Study of 3D Stray Radiation during Interventional Procedures
%A Khalid S. Alzimami
%J International Journal of Medical Physics,Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology
%P 453-463
%@ 2168-5444
%D 2018
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ijmpcero.2018.74038
%X In interventional medical procedures,
other than the highly important issue of optimizing image quality and patient
exposure using the primary beam, there remains a continuing need for the study
of staff exposure from the scattered radiation. Herein, investigation is made
of the 3D stray-radiation distribution, the simulation being made of a
realistic interventional scenario through use of the Monte Carlo code Geant4
(version 10.3). The simulation is conducted based on the high definition
reference Korean-man (HDRK-man) computational phantom and a GE Infinia 3/8¡± C-arm machine, focusing on the effect of variation
of kVp and field of view (FoV) on the scattered particles¡¯ spatial
distribution. With direct measurement of the absorbed dose remaining
challenging, not least in respect of the organs at risk, we computed the
scatter fractions,
defined as the ratio of the air kerma free-in-air to the entrance surface air
kerma (ESAK), which are both easily quantifiable. Scatter fraction
distributions were simulated for X-ray tube outputs (and half-value layers,
HVL) of 60 kVp (2.3 mm Al),
80 kVp
(3.2 mm Al)
and 120 kVp (4.3 mm Al)
and FoV of 15, 20, 25 and 30