Background: Cesarean section (CS), one of the most common major operative procedures, performed all over the world. Incisional infiltration with local anesthetics is a simple, cheap and effective mean of providing good analgesia for surgical operations without any major side effects & allowing early patients’ mobilization & postoperative recovery, so the purpose of study is to compare between the effect of wound infiltration with bupivacaine versus pethidine for post cesarean section pain relief. Patients and Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in Ain Shams University Maternity hospital in the period from August 2016 and January 2017. 100 full term pregnant females randomized into two groups: Group A (50 patients) Bupivacaine group: Subcutaneous and subrectal infiltration with 10 ml 0.25% Bupivacaine (2.5 mg/ml) diluted in 10 ml normal saline before closure of the wound was done; Group B (50 patients) Pethidine group: Subcutaneous and subrectal infiltration with 1 ml pethidine (50 mg/ml) diluted in 19 ml normal saline before closure of the wound was done. All patients had cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Study outcome measures post-operative pain scores using visual analogue scale, post-operative analgesia requirement time to first rescue analgesia, onset of mobilization, side effect of local anesthetic, wound infection (after one week). It was registered on clinical trials.gov with ID: NCT03652116. Results: Visual analogue scale values differ significantly between pethidine group and that of bupivacaine at rest and on coughing at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours & analgesic consumption (P value < 0.05). There is high statistical significant difference in 1st time request analgesia per minute comparing group A to group B (P value 0.001). There is no significant difference between bupivacaine and pethidine regarding time of ambulation, side effects or complications. Conclusion: Infiltration of the wound of cesarean section with pethidine gives effective analgesia for several hours as compared to Bupivacaine.
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