The Syhomy of the Genetic Code Is the Path to the Real Speech Characteristics of the Encoded Proteins

The following is the theoretical and experimental analysis of the role of the third nucleotide in codons during protein biosynthesis. Its role is largely enhanced compared to the existing understanding. Third nucleotide functionally and symmetrically divides codon families in 32 synonyms and 32 SYnonymous-HOMonymous hybrid codons—SYHOMs. Wherein, the syhoms function is to initiate nonlocal ribosome analysis of mRNA, representing real context in DNA language. Such analysis is a natural necessity for selection of one amino acid from two different amino acids, and between amino acids or a stop position, in situations when a ribosome interacts with syhom codons which have dual coding. This was theoretically substantiated earlier？[1] [2] [3]. Experimental work [4] confirmed this theory: It was demonstrated that two different amino acids, selenocysteine and cysteine, are coded by a single UGA-syhom-codon for Euplotes crassus infusoria. This result does not call into question the dogma of unambiguity of amino acids and stop position coding by the cells genome, but it requires amendments to the existing model of genetic coding. These amendments are based on an enhanced understanding of the special linguistic/semantic