%0 Journal Article
%T The Syhomy of the Genetic Code Is the Path to the Real Speech Characteristics of the Encoded Proteins
%A Peter P. Gariaev
%A Ekaterina A. Leonova-Gariaeva
%J Open Journal of Genetics
%P 23-33
%@ 2162-4461
%D 2018
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojgen.2018.82003
%X The following is
the theoretical and experimental analysis of the role of the third nucleotide
in codons during protein biosynthesis. Its role is largely enhanced compared to
the existing understanding. Third nucleotide functionally and symmetrically
divides codon families in 32 synonyms and 32</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> SYnonymous-HOMonymous
hybrid codons¡ªSYHOMs. Wherein, the sy</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">homs
function is to initiate nonlocal ribosome analysis of mRNA, represen</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ting
real context in DNA language. Such analysis is a natural necessity for
selection of one amino acid from two different amino acids, and between amino
acids or a stop position, in situations when a ribosome interacts with syhom
codons which have dual coding. This was theoretically substantiated earlier</span></span><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman\",\"serif\";\"=\"\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">[1]</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"></span><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman\",\"serif\";\"=\"\"></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;color:#943634;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">[2]</span><span minion=\"\" pro=\"\" capt\",\"serif\";color:#943634;\"=\"\"></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;color:#943634;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">[3]</span><span minion=\"\" pro=\"\" capt\",\"serif\";color:#943634;\"=\"\"></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">. Experimental work</span><span style=\"color:#943634;\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">[4]</span><span minion=\"\" pro=\"\" capt\",\"serif\";color:#943634;\"=\"\"></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> confirmed this theory: It was
demonstrated that two different amino acids, selenocysteine and cysteine, are
coded by a single UGA-syhom-codon for </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Euplotes
crassus</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> infusoria. This result does not call into question the dogma of
unambiguity of amino acids and stop position coding by the cells genome, but it
requires</span></span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">amendments to the ex</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">isting model of
genetic coding. These amendments are based on an enhanced understanding of the
spec</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ial linguistic/semantic
%K Genetic Information
%K Codons
%K Syhoms
%K Syhomy
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=85202